Содержание выпусков

Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 12, Issue 6 (52), 2023

CONTENTS

ECONOMIC ISSUES

Aleeva S.S., Dobrinova T.V., Pogibeleva A.V., Novoselsky S.O., Zolkin A.L. Organizational and Administrative Mechanism of Electronic Declaration in Customs Affairs
Wang Wei. The Role of China in the World Economy
Wan Ghaihan. International Business and International Management: Features of Interrelations
Golovin A.A., Zaychenko A.A., Novoselsky S.O., Aleeva S.S., Petrushina O.V. Payment of Customs Duties in Special Economic Zones
Karapetyan K.F. Integration Development of Hotel Industry Complex in Russia
Lu Kangdi. Research on the Impact of the Transition to State Management of the Economy at Enterprises in Russia and China
Luchian V. New Variables of Gravity Model for Assessing Export Potential of State Agricultural and Agri-Food Sector
Liu Zhaoyuan. The Impact of Countries' Economic Policies on Global Markets and Competitiveness
Novoselsky S.O., Aleeva S.S., Fomenkova N.A., Khairullin M.F., Shleenko A.V. Application of Measures to Ensure Payment of Customs Payments
Niu Rongxuan. Regional Aspects of Urbanization in Russia
Smolyaninov I.V., Krivova A.L., Polezhaikina E.V. State Policy of the RF in the Field of Health (Based on the Example of Programs Aimed at Incentivening Healthy Lifestyle)
Su Honghao. Economic Cooperation between Asian and African Countries
Novoselsky S.O., Ksenofontova K.M., Zolkin A.L., Soklakov A.A., Polyakova N.V. Analysis and Consequences of Intellectual Migration for the Country’s Economy During the Crisis
Yan Yang. Development of the Digital Economy in the Russian Federation
Govorkov N.A. Experience and Model of Overcoming Sanctions Restrictions of Iran, North Korea and Syria

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ISSUES

Krikunova S.S. The Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies to Achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technologies on the Global Problems of Humanity, Positive and Negative Contribution to their Solution (Part II)
Liu Ying. Evaluation of the Actions of Environmental NGOS in Kazakhstan
Ruchkin N.D., Vovenda A.V. "Greens" in the Modern German Government. Contradictions and Prospects of the "Traffic Light" Coalition
Seleznev P.S. Quality of Life as a Factor in Russian Spatial Development Policy in the Arctic
Sun Yujia. International Cooperation and International Relations in the Field of Chinese-Russian Relations
Tian Shuqi. Cooperation between Russia and China in the Implementation of the Project "One Belt, One Road" Project
Krasilnikov S.V., Furman F.P., Furman T.G. The Influence of English Liberalism on the Formation of Russian Parliamentarism and Liberal Parties and Movements at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries

STUDENT SCIENCE

Kurchenko A.I., Klemushina A.A. Sino-South Korean Relations in the 2000s: Conflicts and Cooperation

CONFERENCES

Syzdykova Zh.S. Nauka 0+ Festival Was Held in the Walls Institute of Asia and Africa Countries Named after MSU M.V. Lomonosov

ECONOMIC ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.001

S.S. ALEEVA Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil Law and Public Law Disciplines, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

T.V. DOBRINOVA Associate Professor, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Customs Affairs and World Economy, FSBEI HE Southwestern State University, Kursk, Russia

A.V. POGIBELEVA Lecturer at the Department of Foreign Economic Relations, Customs Affairs and Customs Law, State Autonomous Institution of Higher Education of the Kursk Region «Kursk Academy of State and Municipal Service», Kursk, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

A.L. ZOLKIN Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Informatics and Computer Science, FSBEI HE «Volga Region State University of Telecommunications and Informatics», Samara, Russia

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE MECHANISM OF ELECTRONIC DECLARATION IN CUSTOMS AFFAIRS

Introduction: the article discusses organizational aspects and analyzes key indicators of the use of electronic declaration in the customs administration mechanism. The use of digital technologies is an important tool for optimizing the functioning of customs authorities in the current environment of foreign economic activity. A high-quality solution to the problems facing customs authorities is impossible without the active introduction of digital technologies and the creation of electronic document flow between participants in foreign trade activities. Currently, issues of digitalization of economic and administrative processes are of key importance for increasing the competitiveness of the functioning of a system or entity in the context of the existence of an innovative management paradigm. The use of electronic declaration helps to solve a wide range of problems related primarily to the optimization of interaction between customs authorities and foreign trade entities. Increasing the effectiveness of the noted communication processes lies in increasing their efficiency from the perspective of foreign economic activity subjects, as well as increasing the efficiency of control procedures from the point of view of the customs authorities themselves. In addition, one cannot fail to note the significant reduction in the corruption component in the activities of customs authorities due to the introduction of electronic declaration mechanisms.

Goal and objectives: the goal of the work is to clarify and group the key aspects of the organizational and administrative mechanism of electronic declaration. The objectives of the work are revealed in the following provisions:

– focus the benefits of integrating digital technologies into the customs administration system;

– consider the basic principles and communication algorithms for the functioning of electronic declaration centers;

– highlight criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the digital transformation of administrative procedures in the wake of customs affairs.

Results of the study: the team of authors clarified the theoretical and methodological foundations of the organizational and administrative mechanism of electronic declaration, which reveal the fundamental advantages of adapting digital technologies in the vector of customs affairs, the fundamental tools of communication algorithms of electronic declaration centers, as well as the target targets of the digital transformation of the customs space. The results of the article can become a relevant information foundation for further scientific research in the vector of increasing the efficiency of the customs mechanism.

Key words: electronic declaration, customs administration, customs payments, foreign economic activity, digital communications.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.002

WANG WEI Graduate student, higher school of industrial policy and entrepreneurship Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF CHINA IN THE WORLD ECONOMY

This article analyzes the phenomenon of China's economic development. The author of the article deals with the history of Chinese economic policy development which was the result of Chinese leaders’ clever decisions. Examining economic relations with other countries, principles of international trade, China’s investment in other countries’ economies and investment in the Chinese economy, growth of economic performance and GDP, the author of the article tries to identify the dependence of other countries' economies on China's economy.

Key words: economy, economic reforms, international trade, investment, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.003

WAN GHAIHAN Master, Faculty of Economics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: FEATURES OF INTERRELATIONS

The article examines international business through the prism of the relationship with international management. The object of the study is international management. The subject of the study is international business as an object of management. The purpose of the study is to reveal the meaningful relationship between international business and international management in terms of the features of the relationships. The article reveals that international management is an area of management that specializes in organizing and coordinating the activities and business of international companies and projects, and within this area a wide range of management aspects is considered. The elements of interrelation and mutual influence of international management on international business, identified by the authors as a result of independent scientific research of the subject area, are presented. The important aspects of international management defining its features are presented. It is argued that there are several important aspects of international business management that should be taken into account.

Key words: strategic management, change management, financial globalization, technological globalization, international level.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.004

A.A. GOLOVIN Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Public Administration, FSBEI HE Southwestern State University, Kursk, Russia

A.А. ZAYCHENKO Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Economic Relations, Customs Affairs and Customs Law, State Autonomous Institution of Higher Education of the Kursk Region «Kursk Academy of State and Municipal Service», Kursk, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Scientific Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

O.V. PETRUSHINA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Accounting and Finance, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk State Agrarian University named after I.I. Ivanov», Kursk, Russia

PAYMENT OF CUSTOMS DUTIESIN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES

Introduction: the work examines the key essential characteristics of customs administration in special economic zones, and also diagnoses the most relevant indicators reflecting their use within the customs space of the Russian Federation. The use of special economic zones (SEZ) is aimed primarily at developing the investment potential of the state and attracting foreign direct investment into its economy. SEZs act as «growth points” of the national economic system, within the framework of which the most relevant mechanisms for activating business processes at the regional level are implemented. One of the ways to create a favorable regime within the SEZ, which is the basis of their economic existence, is the implementation of mechanisms of tax and customs benefits. Preferential customs regulations used in the process of operation of the SEZ serve as an important argument for the use of foreign investment and expansion of the production potential of the territory. The noted circumstances determine the increased level of relevance of the study of the current practice of paying customs duties in the SEZ and the development of directions for improving this mechanism.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to reveal the administrative features and conduct practical assessments of the payment of customs duties in the SEZ. The article solves the following problems:

– to focus the essential features of the customs administration mechanism in the customs space of the SEZ;

– carry out diagnostics of key indicators of the functioning of the SEZ within the customs space of the Russian Federation;

– consider international experience in building an effective customs administration system within the SEZ.

Research results: the team of authors summarized the key features of building a customs administration mechanism in the SEZ space, and also highlighted their importance for expanding the potential of the national investment climate. The work reflects the results of analytical diagnostics of key indicators of the functioning of the SEZ in the customs space of the Russian Federation. The conclusions formulated in the article are a relevant information base for constructing a comprehensive picture of the functioning of the SEZ, which can be applied in further scientific theoretical research, as well as in the practical activities of relevant government bodies.

Key words: customs duties, special economic zones, world economy, economic security, customs administration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.005

K.F. KARAPETYAN Postgraduate student of the Department of Corporate Governance and innovations of the Russian Economic University them. G.V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russia

INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT OF HOTEL INDUSTRY COMPLEX IN RUSSIA

The article presents the results of an analysis of theoretical material, with an improvement in the level of development of the hotel complex based on theoretical experience and the author's explication. The features of the application of development concepts in the modern activities of hotel enterprises are considered. In addition, the article emphasizes the importance of the development of the hotel complex on the territory of the Russian Federation, key problems and ways to improve this area.

Key words: hotel complex, management, development concept, economic integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.006

LU KANGDI Graduate student, Faculty of Public Administration Regional and sectoral economics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF THE TRANSITION TO STATE MANAGEMENT OF THE ECONOMY AT ENTERPRISES IN RUSSIA AND CHINA

The state management of economic entities, acting as a priority direction of state economic policy, reflects the provisions of the interventionist concept, which is criticized by supporters of liberal economic policy and ideas. The relevance of this scientific research lies in the fact that the ideas of the effectiveness of public administration in various sectors of the economy are substantiated and reasoned, using the example of the countries of Russia and China, and the truth of criticism of interventionist policy is denied. The object of the study is the national economy; the subject of the study is interventionism as a form of state intervention in the economy, which determines the effectiveness of its state. The purpose of the study is to substantiate on a scientific basis the need for state management of economic entities of strategic importance for the national economy. The article substantiates the need for paternalism and interventionism as forms of state policy in the field of economics, as the most effective means of countering the economic and sanctions pressure of Western countries.

Key words: paternalism, national economy, sanctions, state regulation, interventionism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.007

V. LUCHIAN Postgraduate degree, department of world economy and international business, faculty of international economic relations, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

NEW VARIABLES OF GRAVITY MODEL FOR ASSESSING EXPORT POTENTIAL OF STATE AGRICULTURAL AND AGRI-FOOD SECTOR

Agricultural and food products play an important role in international trade. The increase in exports of food and other agricultural products opens up opportunities for producers to develop high-tech production. Numerous national and foreign economic studies analyze the development of international trade in agricultural, but most of them focus on analyzing the results of export competition using specific measures or groups of measures, but do not focus on the study of export potential and its methodology. Our goal is to identify proposals for optimizing approaches by presenting a range of indicators previously unused by academic circles and based on practical insights into the export of agricultural products. The author of the article presents new (practical oriented) variables of gravity model for assessing export potential of state agricultural and agri-food sectors, which should contribute to increasing the export potential and international competitiveness of the countries.

Key words: agriculture, productivity, gravity model, export potential, agroexport, supply chains, agri-food sector, state agriculture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.008

LIU ZHAOYUAN Master, Faculty of economics Lomonosov Moscow state university, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF COUNTRIES' ECONOMIC POLICIES ON GLOBAL MARKETS AND COMPETITIVENESS

This article implements a theoretical analysis of the relationship between the economic policy of countries and its impact on world markets and the competitiveness of national economies. The object of the study is the national economy; the subject of the study is the economic policy that determines the state of the national economy and affects world markets and competitiveness. The purpose of the study is a theoretical analysis of the impact of economic policies of countries on global markets and competitiveness. The article examines the key areas of public policy, such as fiscal policy, monetary policy, trade policy of the state, reveals the content about the impact of these factors on global markets and competitiveness. The study emphasizes the importance of the economic policies of individual countries in shaping their position on world markets and competitiveness, which are due to the effectiveness of economic policy that determines the state of the national economy.

Key words: global markets, regional policy, tax policy, fiscal policy, national security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.009

N.A. FOMENKOVA Student, specialty «Customs Affairs», State Autonomous Institution of Higher Education of the Kursk Region «Kursk Academy of State and Municipal Service», Kursk, Russia

M.F. KHAIRULLIN Candidate of Technical Sciences, Acting dean, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

A.V. SHLEENKO Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, FSBEI HE Southwestern State University, Kursk, Russia

APPLICATION OF MEASURES TO ENSURE PAYMENT OF CUSTOMS PAYMENTS

Introduction: the article reveals the essence, meaning and key characteristics of instruments for ensuring the payment of customs duties. Ensuring the payment of customs duties and taxes is a customs administration measure aimed at achieving the maximum completeness of replenishing the country's budget revenues through customs payments. The main target for the use of forms of security is the creation of guaranteed mechanisms for a participant in foreign economic activity, facilitating the fullest possible payment of the required amount of customs duties and taxes. The emergence of the procedure for applying interim measures is due to existing risks in the field of non-payment of customs duties and taxes by participants in foreign economic activity. In addition, the use of this customs administration tool has certain positive effects for the participants in foreign economic activity themselves. The most relevant of the general set of positive effects is the fact that security measures significantly speed up the procedures for releasing goods and significantly reduce the financial costs of a logistics nature caused by their excess storage.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to consider the essence and significance of the application of measures to ensure the payment of customs duties in the context of the administrative mechanisms of customs authorities. In accordance with the goal, the following tasks are solved:

– focus the role of security measures in the mechanism of customs control and administration;

– highlight the key characteristics and essential features of interim measures in the context of the customs mechanism;

– consider the fundamental features of the use of basic instruments for ensuring the payment of customs duties.

Research results: in the work of the team of authors, a clear focus is built on the importance of interim measures for the intensification and reliability of the functioning of the customs mechanism, taking into account the interests of all its stakeholders. The analysis of key support tools allows us to concentrate their advantages and disadvantages to build competent tactics for managing customs procedures. The results of the study can become an up-to-date information base for participants in foreign economic activity when choosing a target channel for customs administration.

Key words: interim measures, customs payments, customs administration, fiscal function, customs control.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.010

NIU RONGXUAN Master, faculty of sociology, Lomonosov Moscow state university, Moscow, Russia

REGIONAL ASPECTS OF URBANIZATION IN RUSSIA

Urbanization, which is a consequence of the merger of rural and urban space and internal migration, consists of complex processes of mutual penetration of rural and urban space, which entails a fundamental restructuring of the socio-economic and infrastructural structure and requires scientific understanding, which determines the relevance of this study. The object of research is socio-economics, as a positivist and normative field of economic knowledge. The subject of the study is urbanization as a process of scaling urban space. The purpose of this research is to reveal the content and deeper understanding of urbanization as a factor of transformation of public space. The study reveals the unevenness of urbanization as a social process. The author reveals the factor of digitalization as a factor of intensification of transformation of public space and the role of technological capital in the provision and development of urbanization.

Key words: socio-economics, digital transformation, socio-economic development, technological capital, aggregate factor productivity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.011

I.V. SMOLYANINOV Master's student at the Department of Socio-Political institutions, processes and technologies of the Russian state Social University, Moscow, Russia

A.L. KRIVOVA Senior lecturer at the Department of Socio-Political institutions, processes and technologies of the Russian state Social University, Moscow, Russia

E.V. POLEZHAIKINA Lecturer at the Department of Socio-Political institutions, processes and technologies of the Russian state Social University, Moscow, Russia

STATE POLICY OF THE RF IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF PROGRAMS AIMED AT INCENTIVENING HEALTHY LIFESTYLE)

State health policy in the Russian Federation plays a decisive role in ensuring the well-being and health of its citizens. Taking into account the dynamically changing challenges and needs in healthcare, Russia is actively developing and implementing programs and initiatives aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing diseases. These efforts not only help reduce the incidence of disease in the community, but also ensure the sustainability of the national healthcare system. In this article we will look at Russian government policy in the field of health care, with a particular emphasis on programs whose goal is to encourage a healthy lifestyle among the population.

Key words: state policy in the field of healthcare, healthy lifestyle, public health.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.012

SU HONGHAO Master, Institute of Asian and African Countries, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN ASIAN AND AFRICAN COUNTRIES

After many years of colonization by the Western world, African countries have largely lagged behind in their economic development from most countries of the world and Asian countries can contribute, through the distribution of their material and labor resources, to the economic development and growth of most African countries. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that there is an objective and urgent need for scientific justification and a meaningful analysis of the mechanism of economic interaction between Asian and African countries. The object of research is the world economy. The subject of the study is the economic space of Asia and Africa. The purpose of the study is to reveal the content of economic interaction between Asian and African countries on a scientific basis. The article reveals the elements of economic interaction: the Association of Southeast Asian Countries and the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor within the framework of the African-Asian Global Cooperation. The problems and barriers hindering economic interaction have been investigated.

Key words: economic growth, integration, cooperation, trade, economic liberalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.013

K.M. KSENOFONTOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Psychology Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

A.A. SOKLAKOV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Economic Relations, Customs Affairs and Customs Law, State Autonomous Institution of Higher Education of the Kursk Region «Kursk Academy of State and Municipal Service», Kursk, Russia

N.V. POLYAKOVA Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «St. Petersburg State University», St. Petersburg, Russia

ANALYSIS AND CONSEQUENCES OF INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION FOR THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY DURING THE CRISIS

Introduction: the article analyzes intellectual emigration in Russia during the crisis, and also outlines its consequences for the domestic economy. The most important element of the national wealth of any country is its human capital, which forms the foundation not only for expanding the general progressive sociocultural background, but also serves as the basis for the implementation of a technology leadership strategy. In the conditions of conducting a hybrid war, the intellectual core of human capital becomes a key object of external pressure, which is focused on expanding the channel of the emigration flow and creating a sustainable «brain drain» track. Intellectual emigration generates a huge number of problems for the country's socio-economic system, which are focused primarily on reducing the capacity of the cultural background and narrowing the possibilities for developing breakthrough technologies in all relevant areas. The current situation of aggressive behavior of unfriendly countries challenges government authorities to actively counter externally initiated trends in intellectual emigration by stabilizing the internal socio-economic space, comprehensively combating the distortion of history and «fake news», as well as by creating a productive environment for the intellectual development of the Russian Federation. human capital. Solving the identified problems is extremely important for ensuring the required level of national security and building a sovereign vector of technological development while minimizing the catching-up component.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to analyze intellectual emigration and consider its consequences for the domestic economy in conditions of instability. Achieving the set goal occurs as a result of solving the following list of tasks:

– focus on the main factors and triggers of intellectual emigration in the current geopolitical situation;

– conduct a retrospective analysis of migration processes;

– highlight the key consequences of intellectual emigration for the domestic socio-economic system.

Research results: the team of authors formulated the current factors for expanding the flow of intellectual emigration in the current geopolitical situation, and also identified a number of triggers for the intensification of migration activity. The study presents the results of a retrospective diagnosis of migration processes, analyzes the dynamics of intellectual emigration in times of crisis, and groups the main consequences of these processes for the domestic socio-economic system. The conclusions and generalizations formulated in the work can serve as a relevant element of the information base for the relevant authorities when correcting the mechanisms for managing the migration process.

Key words: intellectual capital, intellectual emigration, human capital, migration process, national economy, sanctions, Russia, hybrid war, «brain drain».

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.014

YAN YANG Graduate student, Faculty of Public Administration, regional and sectoral economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The digital economy is the next stage in the technological development of society, thereby determining its technological structure and having a significant impact on the state of the national economy. In this scientific article, a theoretical analysis of the gradual development of digitalization in Russia is carried out, which will provide a deeper understanding of the situation and state of the Russian economy, the development of the domestic economy and guarantee national security, and determines its substantive relevance, the object of the study is the national economy of Russia. The subject of the study is the state of the national economy of Russia, characterized by the digitalization of business processes and economic ties. The study provides a theoretical analysis of official data on the state of use of digital technologies in Russia and substantiates the need for digitalization of the Russian economy through more active use of digital technologies and support of domestic means of digitalization. organizations and subjects of the national economy will be able to use the potential of the digital economy to stimulate innovation, increase productivity and economic growth.

Key words: digital economy, qualitative economic development, digitalization, import substitution, communications.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.015

N.А. GOVORKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of World Economy Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

EXPERIENCE AND MODEL OF OVERCOMING SANCTIONS RESTRICTIONS OF IRAN, NORTH KOREA AND SYRIA

The article analyzes the economic development of countries under sanctions restrictions imposed by Western countries and the United States. The historical development of the analyzed countries made it possible to determine measures and a model for overcoming sanctions over the past ten years. The experience of economic development of countries under sanctions for quite a long time can be used by Russia, which is currently the leader in the number of sanctions restrictions imposed on it. Consequently, methods of statistical analysis and synthesis were used to write the article, which made it possible to achieve the purpose of the study in determining the experience and models of overcoming the sanctions restrictions of Iran, North Korea and Syria. The imposed sanctions sometimes stimulate the development of industries within the country and reduce dependence on foreign goods and services. Consequently, the study of sanctions restrictions allowed us to draw such conclusions on the example of the countries of Iran, North Korea and Russia.

Key words: sanctions, restrictions, economic growth, inflation, export of goods.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.016

S.S. KRIKUNOVA Postgraduate student of the M.M. Speransky Law Faculty of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Department of International and Integration Law of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, an external expert of the Expert Council for the Development of the Digital Economy, Technologies and Innovations of the Youth Parliament under the State Duma of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES TO ACHIEVE THE UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY, POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONTRIBUTION TO THEIR SOLUTION PART II

The article examines each of the UN Sustainable Development Goals enshrined in the text of UN General Assembly Resolution No. A/70/L.1 "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" dated September 25, 2015, in the context of their achievement through the use and dissemination of artificial intelligence technologies around the world. In addition, the paper lists ways in which UN member states and other interested parties will be able to reduce the impact on the world community of negative factors from the mass dissemination and application of artificial intelligence technologies.

Having conducted a comprehensive analysis of the currently available data, comparing the pace of progress, according to which the modernization of artificial intelligence technologies is taking place, taking into account the prospects and further vector of development of such technologies, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that currently one of the most pressing issues discussed in the field of control over the protection of global security and humanity as a whole, from the threats caused by innovative technologies in the international arena, There should be a question of starting the development of a universal international document within the UN dedicated to the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technologies to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Key words: artificial intelligence, achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, innovative technologies for solving global problems, the impact of artificial intelligence on life around the world, positive contribution and risks of the introduction of artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.017

LIU YING Phd, faculty of Law, department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, RUDN, Moscow, Russiaм

EVALUATION OF THE ACTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL NGOS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Entering the new century, the Republic of Kazakhstan, like most countries, is facing serious environmental problems and high economic losses due to environmental pollution. Environmental cleanliness and ecological balance is one of the priority areas in the Strategy 2030 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Environmental NGOs in Kazakhstan have more than 30 years of history and have reached a certain scale of development. They play an increasingly important role in the field of environmental protection and demonstrate certain advantages in the process of their activities. However, there are certain problems and difficulties in their development. Building a modern environmental management system in Kazakhstan still requires joint efforts of all parties.

Key words: Kazakhstan, ecology, environmental NGOs.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.018

N.D. RUCHKIN Student, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

A.V. VOVENDA Associate Professor, PhD in Political Science, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

"GREENS" IN THE MODERN GERMAN GOVERNMENT. CONTRADICTIONS AND PROSPECTS OF THE "TRAFFIC LIGHT" COALITION

Purpose. In Germany, party influence on decisions made by the government is very high. Government policy will be determined primarily by the goals and interests of the parties that make up the government. In this article, the specifics of a modern coalition government in Germany, consisting of three completely different parties in terms of their views, have been studied. Accordingly, every decision of this government must in one way or another reflect the position of one party, but must also be harmonized with the positions of the other two. Results. The study focuses on the decisions that reflect the policies of the Green Party and how these decisions have affected the perception of the party within Germany as well as outside Germany. Contradictions within the government coalition, the dynamics of changes in the popularity of the Green Party, and the reasons for the declining popularity of Green politicians in contemporary Germany were analyzed. The example of the current "face" of the Green Party, Robert Habeck, who is the Minister of Economy and Environmental Protection, is specifically considered. Recent important decisions of the coalition government and their consequences, their impact on the party's rating and the public response to these decisions were examined. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects for the current German government and specifically for the Green Party. It also assessed the chances of the Green Party in the upcoming federal elections in 2025.

Key words: Federal Republic of Germany, political parties, coalition, government, "Green", "green" politics, ecology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.019

P.S. SELEZNEV Doctor of political science, dean of the Faculty of international economic relations, professor of the Department of political science of the Faculty of social sciences and mass communications of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

QUALITY OF LIFE AS A FACTOR IN RUSSIAN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN THE ARCTIC

Within the framework of the presented study, the issue of the influence of the tax factor on the profitability of international trade is examined in the context of the market of the G7 countries through the prism of the dynamics of the cost structure of the OPEC composite barrel. The empirical basis of the study was formed by using statistical materials from open OPEC databases. The research period is limited to the current period of pricing dynamics under the influence of political factors corresponding to the chronological period 2014-2022. The author comes to the conclusion that within the study period, the dynamics of the tax policy of the G7 countries played a key role in ensuring the growth of oil traders' profits. However, the corresponding effect was achieved primarily by maintaining the stability of the CIF price.

Key words: oil, profit, politics, international trade, taxes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.020

SUN YUJIA Master, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF CHINESE-RUSSIAN RELATIONS

The article examines the possibilities and features of cooperation between China and Russia in the international sphere. The author analyzes the history of interaction between the two countries, starting from the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1949 to the present. It explores various areas of cooperation such as politics, economics, culture, science and technology and discusses the challenges faced by the two sides. The article also draws attention to the fact that China and Russia are partners in a number of international initiatives, such as the SCO, BRICS and the EAEU. The main goals and strategies of cooperation, as well as the results of joint efforts in the international arena are analyzed. One of the key topics discussed in the article is the role of Sino-Russian cooperation in a changing global context. The author discusses the issues and challenges facing the two countries, such as global dominance, trade disputes, regional stability and their impact on cooperation between China and Russia. The author comes to the conclusion that cooperation between the two countries has broad prospects and can have a significant impact on international relations in the future.

Key words: Sino-Russian relations, dependence and cooperation, globalization, economic transformation, international organizations, SCO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.021

TIAN SHUQI Graduate student, Faculty of Public Administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" PROJECT

Ten years passed since the People’s Republic of China announced the beginning of the “One Belt, One Road” project – the most global economic project of our time. Having touched upon the historical aspects of the initiative, the author of the article dwells on Russia’s participation in the project and its role in Sino-Russian relations. This publication analyzes the five most important areas of strategic partnership between China and Russia: investment policy, transport logistics, trade and economic relations, cooperation in education, and cultural tourism. These areas should not be considered separately. They are interconnected and interdependent, being a whole one. The author of the article concludes that the project “One Belt, One Road” will strengthen the ties between China and Russia which will become global in the context of the present political situation.

Key words: China, Russia, “One Belt, One Road”, Sino-Russian cooperation, project, initiative.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.022

S.V. KRASILNIKOV Ph.D., Associate professor, department of theory and history of state and law North-West institute of management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, St. Petersburg, Russia

F.P. FURMAN Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Social Sciences of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia

T.G. FURMAN Candidate of Cultural Studies, Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative Law of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH LIBERALISM ON THE FORMATION OF RUSSIAN PARLIAMENTARISM AND LIBERAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES

The article deals with the question of formation of liberalism at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. The reason of reference of Russian empire liberal circles to the British experience of regulation of socio-political life is studied. The comparative characteristic of the category "freedom" as a basic element of liberalism among European and Russian representatives is carried out. The reflection of socio-national ideas in the modification of Russian liberalism is highlighted. Characteristic features of European liberal ideas transformation in Russian sociopolitical realities are determined.

Key words: liberalism, parliamentarism, European liberalism, politics.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.023

A.I. KURCHENKO Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.A. KLEMUSHINA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

SINO-SOUTH KOREAN RELATIONS IN THE 2000S: CONFLICTS AND COOPERATION

In the 2000s, China and the Republic of Korea developed a complex and multifaceted relationship characterized by a combination of conflict and cooperation, which influenced not only bilateral relations between the two states, but also regional dynamics as a whole. However, despite all the differences, ties between the two countries continued to grow, and China became the Republic of Korea's largest trading partner. This economic interdependence has played a significant role in easing tensions and promoting cooperation. Both countries have also worked together on various regional and global issues such as climate change, North Korea's nuclear program, and tried to maintain prosperity and peace in the Asia-Pacific region. Both states recognized the importance of cooperation in solving these common problems and promoting mutual interests. In addition, cultural and people-to-people exchanges between China and the Republic of Korea flourished during the 2000s, further deepening their relations. The popularity of Korean entertainment and pop culture in China, commonly referred to as the "Korean Wave" or "Hallyu", has created a bridge between the two countries and fostered a stronger sense of cultural understanding and intimacy. This cultural soft power has played a role in enhancing mutual perception and creating the basis for cooperation in other areas. This article conducts a study and analysis of bilateral relations between the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China from 2000 to 2010, and also examines the main joint projects, conflicts, causes of disagreements and consequences for both states, which contributes to a better understanding of not only the nature of China-South Korean relations, but also the entire history of bilateral relations between states in general.

Key words: People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, diplomatic relations, disputes, cooperation.

CONFERENCES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.52.6.024

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

NAUKA 0+ FESTIVAL WAS HELD IN THE WALLS INSTITUTE OF ASIA AND AFRICA COUNTRIES NAMED AFTER MSU M.V. LOMONOSOV

Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 13, Issue 2 (55), 2024

CONTENTS

POLICY

Titov V.V. Russian National-State Identity in the Context of Information and Political Challenges of the Early 2020th
Abbasov O.T. Diversity of Approaches to Understanding the State
Kachurenko D.S. Digitalization of Education and its Impact on Some Aspects of National Security
Bolshakov S.N. Thomism and the Socio-Political Principle of Subsidiary in the Encyclicals of the Roman Catholic Church
Elistratova S.S., Rodionova M.E. The Role of Public Opinion in the Election Campaign. Information-Manipulative Methods of Mass Media to Influence Public Opinion
Suleimanov E.A. Implementation of State Information Policy in Modern Conditions

ECONOMY

Vorobev D.I., Ignatova M.N., Khairullin M.F., Novoselsky S.O., Levshakova S.R. Financing Mechanisms for Territorial Development Projects
Khairullin M.F., Pakhomova Yu.A., Vorobev D.I., Bereznyakovsky V.S., Novoselsky S.O. Corporate Social Responsibility as a Factor of Sustainable Development
Shitova M.A., Bredikhin A.V. Trends in Stock Markets of BRICS Countries During the Global Crisis of 2022-2024. Part 1
Golikov B.I. “One Belt – One Road” Initiative as the New “Beijing Consensus”
Zainullin S.B., Akhadov R.A. Prospects for the Development of Sberbank of Russia PJSC in the Eurasian Space

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

Wang Feixian. A Brief Analysis of the Development of China's "Belt and Road" Initiative from a Global Historical Perspective and its Impact on Other Countries
Tushkov A.A., Tikhonov M.L., Somova I.Yu., Amelchenko A.Yu. The Overton Window of the Armenian-Azerbaijani Knot of Contradictions
Fedorenko U.V. Research Problems of China’s Periphery Diplomacy in Eurasian Political Space
Han Wenxin. Public Opinion and Decision Making: How the Perception of China by American Society Affects Changes in Foreign Policy
Mekh D.V., Shitikova Yu.A. Diplomatic Relations Between China and Japan: Problems and Prospects
Vidiaev G.S. The Problem of Hunger in the Modern World: Status, Causes and Approaches to Solution
Glubokaya O.A. Doctrinal Nuances of the National Interests of the Italian Republic in the Mediterranean
Che Qingzhou, Kalashnikova N.P., Byulegenova B.B. Sino-American Relations (Under President Barack Obama)
Liangbobo. International Policy of the Russian Federation in the Context of Solving the Problems of Terrorism
Oguz Sahbaz. Image of Russıa in the Years of Armıstıce (1918-1923) in the Turkısh Press

REVIEWS AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS OF PUBLICATIONS

Medvedev N.P. Russian-Chinese Relations: on the Question of the Direction of Research Chinese Authors

POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.001

V.V. TITOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Public and Municipal Administration of the State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN NATIONAL-STATE IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATION AND POLITICAL CHALLENGES OF THE EARLY 2020th

The article is dedicated to the key information and political challenges addressed to the Russian national-state identity in the early 2020th. These challenges include: deepening of value-semantic intergenerational divisions in modern Russian society, attempts at comprehensive dehumanization of Russia actively undertaken in the digital space, increasing fragmentation and negation of the image of the future in the mass consciousness. These challenges carry a serious destructive potential and were intensified in 2022-2024 through targeted external information and psychological attacks on Russian society and the Russian statehood.

It is noted that the key vector of countering these challenges today is the modernization of the state identity policy in the Russian Federation, including the formulation of and the implementation of the policy of constructing a national-state image of the future.

Key words: national-state identity, information and political challenges, digital transformation, simulated reality, total dehumanization, image of the future.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.002

O.T. ABBASOV Senior lecturer at the department of fundamental legal and social and humanitarian disciplines MFPU "Synergy", Moscow, Russia

DIVERSITY OF APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING THE STATE

This article is devoted to the problem of interpretation of the definition of “state”. The article discusses the main approaches to understanding the state, according to which one can highlight certain options for interpreting this definition. The purpose of the article is to analyze the nature of the state – as a political and social institution. The study uses analytical and comparative methods. It is concluded that the state is not only a union of people, but also a certain organization.

Key words: state, political organization, social union, cybernetic approach, Marxist theory.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.003

D.S. KACHURENKO Undergraduate student of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

DIGITALIZATION OF EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SOME ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY

Digitalization is considered both as an objective trend affecting social processes and relationships around the world, and as one of the directions of state policy in the field of education. It is noted that the dynamics of equipping educational institutions with computer equipment, software and Internet access indicates a high rate of modernization of the educational environment in Russia. Two nodes of problems that arise and grow in connection with the impact of digitalization on the Russian educational system are identified. It is emphasized that while these problems are only being comprehended by researchers, they are being discovered and resolved in specific educational practices and technologies.

Key words: digitalization of education, educational system, educational environment, national security, inequality, educational law, academic freedom.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.004

S.N. BOLSHAKOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor Professor of the Department of Political Science and Applied Political Work of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution "Russian State Social University", Moscow, Russia

THOMISM AND THE SOCIO-POLITICAL PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARY IN THE ENCYCLICALS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

The article reveals the evolution of understanding and semantic interpretation of the principle of subsidiarity. On the example of the encyclicals of the Roman Catholic Church, the modern meaning of subsidiarity as the most important principle of the social organization of society is analyzed. The encyclicals of the Catholic Church emphasize the importance of the principle of subsidiarity in building a more democratic and equal society. The article deals with the interpretation and promotion of subsidiarity in modern Catholic social thought through the prism of Thomistic teaching.

Key words: subsidiarity, society, church, state, politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.005

S.S. ELISTRATOVA Bachelor of Finance University, marketing specialist of Effective Marketing LLC, St. Petersburg, Russia

M.E. RODIONOVA Ph.D. in Sociology, Associate Professor of the Departmenr of Political Science and Mass Communication, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC OPINION IN THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN. INFORMATION-MANIPULATIVE METHODS OF MASS MEDIA TO INFLUENCE PUBLIC OPINION

During the electoral race, citizens act not only as the main recipient of content, but also as a tool for achieving the goals set: from rallying the masses around one candidate to destabilizing the entire political system. Consequently, the competent usage of manipulative technologies by the mass media helps to control public opinion and operate him to achieve different goals.

This article is devoted to the role of public opinion in the election campaign, as well as information and manipulative methods of the media to influence mass consciousness.

Goal: to identify the role of public opinion in the electoral process with an emphasis on the manipulative component.

Method or methodology of the work: the article applies theoretical research methods: analysis and classification of information-manipulative techniques of mass media; practical methods: consideration of the role of public opinion based on the example of the Georgian case of 2003; historical methodology for understanding the development of the term "public opinion".

Results: public opinion performs a dual function in the electoral process, acting simultaneously as an informant and as a recipient for the headquarters of political technologists. The mass media "construct" public opinion, using different methods of manipulation.

Scope of application of the results: it is advisable to apply the results obtained in journalistic practice, as well as in the work of the election headquarters of political technologists.

Key words: public opinion, electoral race, information-manipulative methods, mass media, electoral process.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.006

E.A. SULEIMANOV Graduate student of the faculty of journalism IGSU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE INFORMATION POLICY IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article discusses the implementation of the state's information policy as one of the key areas. It is noted that the introduction of modern digital technologies into all spheres of public life and the formation on their basis of a strong and independent information policy contributes to the successful integration of the state into a single information space.

Information at the present stage of development of society is the most powerful strategic resource. An important criterion for the development of any state is the degree of its involvement in the global information space.

The primary goal of state information policy is to establish a dialogue between society and the state, as well as harmonize mutual interests.

Key words: information policy, information society, information, informatization, digitalization.

ECONOMY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.007

D.I. VOROBEV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Management and state municipal administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

M.N. IGNATOVA Candidate of pedagogical sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Economics, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

S.R. LEVSHAKOVA Student of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

FINANCING MECHANISMS FOR TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Introduction: the work examines variable mechanisms for financing territorial development projects that provide solutions to current socio-economic problems. Each territorial development project has a specific focus of impact, the achievement of which expands the capacity of a favorable living environment for citizens. The use of tools of the people's budget and public-private partnership allows us to expand the capabilities of the mechanism for financing territorial projects of socio-economic development. Increasing the capacity of the financial base generates prerequisites for scaling effective design solutions in the field of municipal management, ensuring an increase in the comfort of the living environment of citizens.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study existing practices and search for alternative instruments for financing territorial development projects. This goal is achieved by solving the following tasks:

– identify and group the main sources of financing for territorial development projects;

– characterize the legal basis for the use of financial instruments in territorial management;

– present the algorithm and fundamental principles for implementing the mechanism for financing territorial development projects.

Research results: the team of authors clarified the theoretical and methodological aspects of implementing the mechanism for financing territorial development projects based on specifying the essential component, classifying financial instruments, generalizing the legal framework, highlighting the fundamental principles of the organization and constructing a general algorithm for project financing.

Key words: project financing, people's budget, public-private partnership, municipal management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.008

YU.A. PAKHOMOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Procurement, Management and Public Administration, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «State University of Education», Moscow, Russia

D.I. VOROBEV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Management and state municipal Administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

V.S. BEREZNYAKOVSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Management and state municipal administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Introduction: the paper presents the results of a study of the essential component of corporate social responsibility as a factor in the sustainable development of companies and territories. The current socio-economic situation requires adaptation of the conceptual framework of sustainable development in the corporate management system, which forms relatively new strategic priorities. The use of this management paradigm shifts the center of gravity of management impact from financial to socio-economic indicators. The installation of the principles of social responsibility in the management circuit is the most important factor of strategic competitiveness, and also ensures the formation of more capacious opportunities for building a long-term track of sustainable development in a variable macroeconomic environment.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the significance and features of the use of the principles of corporate social responsibility in the management framework of the company. Achieving the set goal occurs as a result of solving the following tasks:

– highlight key aspects of the importance of corporate social responsibility in the modern socio-economic space;

– formulate the imperatives for assessing the effectiveness of the mechanism of socially responsible behavior of the corporation;

– group the main elements of the organizational and legal component of the mechanism of socially responsible behavior of the corporation.

Research results: the team of authors clarified the essential aspects and fundamental principles of corporate social responsibility as a factor in the sustainable development of the company and its role in reducing socio-economic risks in the territory of presence. The author's interpretation presents the basic imperatives of performance assessment and the key elements of the organizational and legal component of the mechanism of socially responsible behavior of the corporation.

Key words: corporate social responsibility, social investment, sustainable development, strategic management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.009

M.A. SHITOVA Master's student, Department of Sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A.V. BREDIKHIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Researcher at the Center "Russia, China, the World" of the Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

TRENDS IN STOCK MARKETS OF BRICS COUNTRIES DURING THE GLOBAL CRISIS OF 2022-2024. PART 1

The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of development of stock markets of the BRICS member countries: Brazil, Russia, India. The features of the securities markets of each country are considered, as well as the changes that occurred in the stock markets of the candidate countries after joining BRICS. The role of BRICS within the framework of the global transforming world and the system of supranational integration projects is presented.

Key words: BRICS, stock market, economics, finance, financial market, securities market, investments, shares, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.010

B.I. GOLIKOV PhD student at the Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

“ONE BELT – ONE ROAD” INITIATIVE AS THE NEW “BEIJING CONSENSUS”

The work examines the Chinese “One Belt, One Road” initiative, proclaimed by the current leader of the PRC Xi Jinping in 2013, which a decade later grew from an idea into a global economic and strategic project of China. According to the plan, thanks to the implementation of the initiative, it will be possible to connect Asia, Africa, Europe and even Latin America by land and sea. Thus, the first transport, logistics and trade routes of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century” are being created.

The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between the aforementioned Belt and Road Initiative and the Chinese economic development model. A comparative analysis of the experience of reforms along the path of the “Washington” and “Beijing Consensus” is provided. Western and non-Western economic models are contrasted.

Key words: Washington Consensus, Beijing Consensus, Chinese initiative, G7, globalization, economic model.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.011

S.B. ZAINULLIN PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of National Economics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

R.A. AKHADOV Student of the Master's degree, Faculty of Economics The direction "Corporate Economics and Business Management" of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SBERBANK OF RUSSIA PJSC IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

The article examines the concept of the "banking system", identifies problems concerning most Russian banks and highlights the problems of the development of PJSC Sberbank of Russia itself, in particular sanctions, fraud, the use of cloud platforms, and also considers the advantages and obstacles of using artificial intelligence in the work of PJSC Sberbank of Russia, and also prospects for the company's development in Eurasia.

Key words: banking system, bank, artificial intelligence, sanctions, cloud technologies, problems of development of banks, Sberbank of Russia, Central Bank.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.012

WANG FEIXIAN Graduate student of Russian Friendship University peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S "BELT AND ROAD" INITIATIVE FROM A GLOBAL HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND ITS IMPACT ON OTHER COUNTRIES

China's "One Belt, One Road" construction has become a hot issue of widespread concern at home and abroad. Proposing this strategy is an important step for China as a world power to pursue comprehensive diplomacy in the 21st century. It is naturally developed in response to the development of the situation. This is not only an economic exchange, but also a country exchange, access to the global level, unification and stimulation of the coordinated development of neighboring countries. This is a critical step in building a community with a shared future. Combined with an overall historical perspective, the three phases of the Belt and Road Initiative, using military trade as an example, deeply analyze the feasibility of the initiative from a trade facilitation perspective.

Proposing the Belt and Road strategic concept meets the needs of countries along the route, opens a new window of opportunity for countries along the route, and provides a new platform for international cooperation and international trade. “One Belt, One Road” is an acronym for the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (the English acronym is OBAOR (One Belt and One Road)).

The Belt and Road Initiative covers Asia as well as parts of Europe and Africa. The Silk Road Economic Belt includes Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, etc. The Maritime Silk Road Economic Belt includes Egypt, Kenya, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam.

As part of the Belt and Road strategy, China has established the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund to support projects in infrastructure, resource development, industrial cooperation and financial cooperation in Belt and Road countries. This strategy will use infrastructure construction as a breakthrough point to expand the scope of cooperation between the two sides, provide huge business opportunities along the Belt and Road, attract international exchanges and cooperation in various aspects such as transportation, industry, finance and international trade, strengthening trade, currency and cultural ties. The Belt and Road Initiative is having a positive impact on population and employment decline in China.

Key words: "One Belt, One Road", military trade, opportunities, global historical perspective, trade promotion.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.013

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor. Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

M.L. TIKHONOV Doctor of Military Sciences Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

I.YU. SOMOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies, Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia

A.YA. AMELCHENKO Student at the Institute of Language and Translation Technology and the Development of International Communication, Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia

THE OVERTON WINDOW OF THE ARMENIAN-AZERBAIJANI KNOT OF CONTRADICTIONS

In this article, the authors turned to highlighting an urgent topic – the node of the political contradictions of the Transcaucasian countries, on the resolution of which the security and ensuring of Russia's national interests in a region strategically important for the country depend. The geopolitical interests of not only Russia, but also Armenia and Azerbaijan were intertwined in this knot, when Artsakh retreated to the latter after many years of bloody events. Both Turkey and Iran, as well as a number of countries of the collective West, are interested in resolving political contradictions. In particular, France, which has actively intervened and is trying to solve its political and military-economic interests by supplying military equipment and lethal weapons to Armenia. The statement by Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan on his readiness to withdraw from the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) if "this structure does not fulfill its obligations and does not recognize its area of responsibility", made at a press conference on March 12, 2024, does not contribute to resolving the conflict. The relations between Russia and Armenia directly affected the near border and all cross-border relations of the Transcaucasian countries. The problem of resolving these contradictions, taking into account all stakeholders, is not a matter of one day and requires the political leadership of Russia to pursue a multi-vector policy to take into account the interests of all regional players.

Key words: Transcaucasian countries, the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict, the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, the Zangezur corridor, the Lachin corridor, France.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.014

U.V. FEDORENKO Assistant Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law at Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia

RESEARCH PROBLEMS OF CHINA’S PERIPHERY DIPLOMACY IN EURASIAN POLITICAL SPACE

Today it has become clear that two powerful trends have emerged in the world: polycentrism in politics and globalization in economics. The old world order has been replaced by a new one, which is still being formed and covers all areas of activity in society. All countries of the world, each in their own way, are experiencing these changes and adapting to them. Thus, Chinese diplomacy, having successfully adapted to the ongoing changes in the world, is making the necessary adjustments to its foreign policy doctrine. At the same time, it remains consistent in implementing the main national idea – transforming the country into a leading world power, whose interests are taken into account by other key players. The author examines a complex of problems relating to modern Chinese diplomacy in the formation of peripheral diplomacy and dominance in the Eurasian political space. These considerations can serve as a starting point for comparing China's policies towards its traditional and non-traditional peripheries.

Key words: PRC, Eurasia, Eurasian political space, China’s periphery diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.015

HAN WENXIN Ph.D. student, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PUBLIC OPINION AND DECISION MAKING: HOW THE PERCEPTION OF CHINA BY AMERICAN SOCIETY AFFECTS CHANGES IN FOREIGN POLICY

The relationship between the USA and China has long played a key role on the international political stage. Despite the diverse contacts and interactions between the two countries, the perception of China by the American public is constantly changing. This study aims to delve deeply into how the American public's attitude towards China affects changes in the US foreign policy.

Over the past decades, with the rise of China, the opinion of Americans has shifted from perceiving it as a distant country with an opposing ideology to recognizing it as an economic power, which subsequently turned into a potential strategic competitor. From economic cooperation and competition to issues of human rights, freedom, and security – the diverse perception of China provides a complex context for foreign policy.

Analyzing data from several public opinion polls, we found that cooperation and competition in the economic and technological spheres often become key factors influencing public opinion. Americans hold firm views on trade and technology exchange with China, reflecting the positions of both countries on the international economic map. However, the direct connection to the economy is not always positive. For example, attention to human rights in China, press freedom, and other political issues also shapes the American public's perception of the relationship between the USA and China.

Moreover, security issues, especially in the South China Sea and Taiwan, are also important to the American public. The political and military dynamics in these regions directly affect the strategic interests and national security of the USA.

It is worth noting that while public opinion influences the shaping of foreign policy, this influence is not always decisive. Decision-making takes into account geopolitics, economic interests, long-term diplomatic strategy, and domestic political issues, which may differ from public opinion. Understanding these reasons and the balance between them is critically important for a full understanding of the relationship between public opinion and policy.

Overall, this study has shown that the perception of China by the American public indeed affects the direction and decision-making in US foreign policy. However, this influence is not unequivocal. In forming a foreign policy strategy towards China, American leaders need to consider a multitude of factors to ensure the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of their strategy.

Key words: Strategic Interests, National Security, Foreign Policy, Discussion regarding China, Chinese-American Relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.016

D.V. MEKH Student of the Department of International Relations and Customs Affairs, Baikal State University (BSU) Irkutsk, Russia

Yu.A. SHITIKOVA Senior lecturer of the Department of Russian and Intercultural Communication, Baikal State University (BSU) Irkutsk, Russia

DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

In 2023, the restoration of Japan-China diplomatic relations will be 51 years old. Throughout the history of relations between the two states, instability has been their main characteristic. Periods of fruitful dialogue have been followed by cooling of relations and mutual grievances. Many factors have contributed to the formation of this characteristic feature, starting with the impact of the last Japanese-Chinese war and ending with the strengthening of mutual economic dependence. It is important to realise that the nature of diplomatic relations between the two states not only affects them but also the region as a whole, as China has been the largest economy in the Asia-Pacific region for the past 13 years, a position previously held by Japan. The shift in the centre of economic power has changed the political landscape of the region, and both states have made adjustments in the way they conduct dialogue with each other.

Key words: Japan, China, PRC, Taiwan, Senkaku, Diaoyu, historical memory, document, diplomacy, APR.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.017

G.S. VIDIAEV Postgraduate student at the Eastern Institute – School of Regional and International Studies at the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF HUNGER IN THE MODERN WORLD: STATUS, CAUSES AND APPROACHES TO SOLUTION

The article examines the historical context and current state of global food security, highlighting significant progress in reducing chronic undernutrition in developing countries. However, it also points to ongoing challenges such as the spread of hunger in developing countries, particularly among young children. Information for the period from 2001 to 2020 reflects changes in the number of people suffering from undernutrition and highlights the significant impact of global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The article emphasizes the ongoing relevance of the food security issue and draws attention to the continued efforts by the international community. In addition, it provides information on the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals, demonstrating successful results in combating poverty and reducing undernutrition. The detailed analysis and statistical data presented in the article contribute to a deeper understanding of the global undernutrition problem and its consequences, ultimately calling for continued efforts and attention in addressing this important issue.

Key words: Food security, international cooperation, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.018

O.A. GLUBOKAYA PhD student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, teacher of additional education, Moscow, Russia

DOCTRINAL NUANCES OF THE NATIONAL INTERESTS OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC IN THE MEDITERRANEAN

Effective political planning in every country in the world, not excluding Italy, predetermines its sustainable development and ensuring national interests. The Mediterranean vector is one of the key foreign policy priorities. This study analyzes the doctrines and concepts used by the Italian Republic to implement a multidisciplinary strategy towards the Mediterranean region at the present stage.

The author examines the main components of political, economic and military documents that reflect Italy's interaction with the Mediterranean countries. To achieve the set goals and objectives, an analytical approach was used, based on the study of existing sources, as well as expert opinions. The author concludes about the evolution of the discursive approach to understanding the Mediterranean and suggests that Italy will not be able to demonstrate full-scale actorhood in the new conceptual framework in the medium term.

Key words: foreign policy, strategic documents, Italy, Mediterranean region, Expanded Mediterranean.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.019

CHE QINGZHOU Postgraduate student, Higher School of International Relations. The Humanitarian Institute of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University named after Peter the Great, St. Petersburg, Russia

N.P. KALASHNIKOVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Head of the Department of the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan, Professor of the Eurasian N. Gumilyov National University, Astana, Kazakhstan

B.B. BYULEGENOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Department of Political Science, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, ‎Astana, Kazakhstan

SINO-AMERICAN RELATIONS (UNDER PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA)

Relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America have always been in the spotlight of the world community. Special attention to this problem has always been focused in the USA. This issue has been the focus of attention of US President Barack Obama and the US Congress. In 2010, Barack Obama unveiled to the American public a new "US National Security Strategy", in which much attention was paid to relations with the People's Republic of China. The document stated that the new policy would be aimed at maintaining positive relations with China, eliminating distrust between the countries, encouraging the elimination of tensions between China and Taiwan, as well as promoting joint priorities such as countering climate change and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. The document also indicates that the United States plans to monitor China's military modernization program. The strategy emphasized that the United States would not agree with China on human rights issues and those areas where views differ. However, this should not prevent cooperation on issues of mutual interest. The position of the US Congress was the opposite. Congressmen actively criticized China's foreign and domestic policies. The goal of Barack Obama's policy was to attract China to the American-centric system of the world order. In words, the president called on China to partner, but in reality forced it to play by American rules.

Key words: United States of America, People's Republic of China, Sino-American relations, U.S. President, U.S. Congress, Barack Obama.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.020

LIANGBOBO Graduate student of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF TERRORISM

Nowadays the ability of each state to counter the global threats effectively is of great importance. Terrorism is one of such threats. The purpose of this paper is to consider the principles of Russia’s fight against terrorism in accordance with the state's concepts of national security and foreign policy. The article used such research methods as system analysis, problem method, logical and epistemological method. The results of the study showed: in order to succeed in the fight against international terrorism, it is necessary to involve all countries in solving this problem, rather than applying a policy of "double standards". The author of the article concludes that although the fight against terrorism requires international cooperation, Russia's voice is not always heard, therefore Russia takes measures to combat terrorism, relying on its own concept of national security and pursuing national interests.

Key words: globalization, international terrorism, national security, foreign policy, Russia, the West.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.021

OGUZ SAHBAZ PhD Candidate, Diplomatic Academy of Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Moscow, Russia

IMAGE OF RUSSIA IN THE YEARS OF ARMISTICE (1918-1923) IN THE TURKISH PRESS

The article provides the presentation of Russia in Turkish printed media during the pivotal period of 1918-1923. It assesses how the Istanbul press, which was under occupation, and the Anatolian press, supported by the elites leading the National Liberation fight, influenced the perception of Russia. This analysis emphasizes the complex interaction of geopolitical, ideological, and cultural elements in shaping Russia's image in the Turkish context. The study focuses on analyzing the origin and spread of concepts such as "Islamic Bolshevism" and other political discussions pertaining to Russia that were featured in the Turkish media, emphasizing their influence on the public's views. This research makes a valuable contribution to a more nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between the media, politics, and national identity during the early 20th century in Turkey. The changing portrayal of Russia in Turkish print media during the Armistice period provides an unparalleled viewpoint on the way in which Turkish society engaged with global geopolitical forces during a significant historical era.

Key words: image of Russia in Turkey, islamic bolshevism, political discourses on Russia.

REVIEWS AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS OF PUBLICATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.55.2.022

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, editor-in-chief of the publishing house "Science Today", Russia, Moscow

RUSSIAN-CHINESE RELATIONS: ON THE QUESTION OF THE DIRECTION OF RESEARCH CHINESE AUTHORS

The article attempts to analyze and determine the direction of recent research by Chinese authors based on publications in some Russian peer-reviewed journals from the Higher Attestation Commission list. Many publications by Chinese authors draw attention to the relevance of problems related to the impact of globalization and digitalization on economic and political relations between Russia and China. The influence of regional and international associations formed at the initiative of Russia and China on the emergence of a new model of international relations based on multipolarity is emphasized. Attention is drawn to some differences between Russia and China in the implementation of information policy.

Key words: Russian-Chinese relations, research by Chinese authors, publications in Russian journals, globalization, digitalization, the emergence of multi-polarity.

Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 12, Issue 7 (53), 2023

CONTENTS

POLICY

Furman F.P., Furman T.G. Some Questions in an Attempt to Understand Human Perception and the National Idea in the Development of Political and Philosophical Thought in Modern Russia
Wenzel S.V. Technologies for Countering the Spread of Political Extremism in the New Media Environment
Sklyarova S.A. Ensuring Food Security as One of the Policy Guidelines
Odinokov M.D., Trifonov A.D. The Role of Conservative Institutions of Civil Society and the Party System in the Consolidation of Russian Society in Conditions of Instability in the World Political Space

WORLD ECONOMY

Lobanov B.A. Scientific and Technical Cooperation of the BRICS+ Countries in Modern Transformations of the World Economy
Tolmachev O.L. The Evolution of the Principles of Sustainable Development of Enterprises in Modern Conditions
Feng Shuhan. The Impact of Digital Economic Management on Global Economic Development in the Digital Economy
Khojaeva D.A. Development of Cotton Clusters as a Priority Vector of the Economy of the Republic of Tajikistan
Zhang Zehong. Determinants of the Impact of Globalization Processes on International Finance
Chenfang. Public Infrastructure and Regional Economic Development
Hasanov Javid. Prospects for Overcoming Current Fiscal Problems in the EU
Gurobazarov B.B. Economic Cooperation Between Russia and APAC Countries in the Energy Field
Saenko A.N. Private Sector Development in Africa and Support for the African Development Bank
Fatkhullina D.V. Tourism and Self-Branding of Oman in the Context of Soft Power Policy
Luchian V. Legal Aspects of Economic Sanctions or Restrictions on Exports of "Live Animals": Romanian Case

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

Tushkov A.A., Tikhonov M.L., Romanyuk A.A., Nemchaninov A.S. Modern Military-Technological Sphere and Artificial Intelligence: the Role of Russia's Place in Global Competition
Zvereva I.V., Provotorova M.A., Vovenda A.V. Russia's Foreign Trade Activities with the EAEU Countries: Key Export and Import Indicators
Tovsultanov R.A., Tovsultanova M.Sh., Galimova L.N. Recep Tayyip Erdogan: a Charismatic Leader Between Populism and Political Pragmatism
Sulaiman S.I.M. Geopolitical Situation and its Impact on the Residents of Jerusalem City in Palestine
Xu Hong, Wang Yifan. The Integration of the "One Belt, One Road" and the Eurasian Economic Union: the State and Prospects
Bayramli N.S. The Concept of “Soft Power” and its Importance in the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Egorova M.R. Information War as a Threat to the National Security of the Country in the Modern World on the Example of the Conflicts of the XXI Century
Litvin L.A. The Conflictuality Transformation and Non-State Actors in the Modern World
Paramuzova O.G. The ESG Concept and its Applicability of the ESG Concept and the Concept of Nuclear Non-Proliferation in the Field of Peaceful Nuclear Activities (Legal Aspects of Law-Making and Law Enforcement)
Shakurova N.E. Internal and External Threats to Russia's National Security in Modern Conditions
Zhou Qingchao. Research on the Taiwan Issue Under the New Situation of Sino-US Relations
Wang Mingjun. Sino-Vietnamese Vassal Relations as a Form of Political Governance

STUDENT SCIENCE

Baranova Yu.V., Khramenko E.A. Priority Directions of Economic Cooperation Between the Republic of Korea and Saudi Arabia
Karaev A.A., Volzhanin D.A. A "U-Turn to the East" or the First Results of the Western Sanctions Policy Towards Russia
Nikonenkova N.I. Challenges of the Defense Industry Complex Development in the Republic of Korea
Polischuk D.I., Mandrisa A.V. Features of the Emergence of a Border Conflict in the Political System of the State: Genesis, Features and Consequences
Sivogorlo I.A. The April Revolution of 1960 and the Seoul Spring of 1980 as Attempts to Democratize the Republic of Korea
Xudongyue. The Impact of Scientific and Technological Development on the Transformation of International Relations
Jia Xilong. Cultural Security of Modern Russia as an Element of National Security

REVIEWS

Zhigulskaya D.V., Ravandi-Fadai L.M. Book Review by the First President of Iraqi Kurdistan Masoud Barzani “Claiming Your Rights. Question of Referendum in Kurdistan"

Our authors № 7-2023

POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.001

F.P. FURMAN Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Theory of Social Sciences of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

T.G. FURMAN Candidate of Cultural Studies, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative Law of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

SOME QUESTIONS IN AN ATTEMPT TO UNDERSTAND HUMAN PERCEPTION AND THE NATIONAL IDEA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT IN MODERN RUSSIA

In the history of mankind, much indicates that the understanding of man and the knowledge of his nature is associated with the socio-historical situation of man and the level of development, as well as the way of realization of human consciousness. Philosophy is directly or indirectly anthropological research, i.e. it carries out directly, having as an object of study directly human nature, or indirectly, studying any other manifestations in the light of man and the anthropic principle. The world is proportional to man, and through the study of human nature, the ways of interaction with the universe, can be made a significant contribution to the understanding of the essence of man. If we consider a person as a cultural being, which is focused primarily on the development of their own values, through the understanding and practical application of philosophical thought, can be gradually changed rather narrow horizon of philosophy of consciousness.

Key words: philosophy of perception, national uniqueness, national idea, perception, person, views, metaphysics, representation, philosophical context.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.002

S.V. WENZEL Head of the Analytical and Educational Activities Department NCPTI FGANU Research Institute "Spetsvuzavtomatika", Moscow, Russia

TECHNOLOGIES FOR COUNTERING THE SPREAD OF POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN THE NEW MEDIA ENVIRONMENT

The presented research is devoted to the issue of building an effective system to counter the spread of political extremism in the environment of new media. The author formulates four main groups of technologies that make it possible to implement the tasks set to counter threats of an extremist nature in the environment of new media, including among young people.

Key words: political extremism, new media, technologies, countering extremism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.003

S.A. SKLYAROVA Assistant at the Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia

ENSURING FOOD SECURITY AS ONE OF THE POLICY GUIDELINES

In this article, ensuring the industrial security of the state is considered as a guideline for the political course, which is a pressing issue, since, despite the rapid pace of technological progress, the spread of artificial intelligence, neural networks, food supply for the population retains the status of an acute problem as the population increases. First, the author defines the conceptual apparatus, giving a definition of food security, food security and food policy, as well as delimiting these concepts. A systematic literature review and content analysis carried out revealed that political security as a vector and guideline of the political course is implemented through a number of government measures that are listed in the article. It was also revealed that the state, as an economic, social and political institution, performs a number of important functions in the field of food security policy, each function is discussed in the text of the article. Based on the research carried out with the aim of improving food security within the framework of the internal policy of the Russian Federation, the author offers a number of recommendations that represent general principles adapted to the circumstances of a particular region or region. The author emphasizes the role of cooperation between government agencies, the private sector, international organizations and civil society in achieving food security goals.

Key words: food supply, food security, domestic policy, political course, state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.004

M.D. ODINOKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Educational institution of trade unions of higher education "Academy of Labor and Social Relations" Moscow, Russia

A.D. TRIFONOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology Educational institution of trade unions of higher education "Academy of Labor and Social Relations" Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF CONSERVATIVE INSTITUTIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PARTY SYSTEM IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY IN CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY IN THE WORLD POLITICAL SPACE

The increasing level of geopolitical instability, complex macroeconomic environment and new challenges for Russia strengthen the role of civil society institutions and party system, which are the basis of social and political cohesion and resilience of the state. The study of this topic takes place within the framework of the current political conjuncture. The main emphasis is placed on the role of conservative civil society institutions and a reformed party system in strengthening the sustainability of modern Russian society. The analysis proves the significance of these institutions in the current geopolitical transformations.

Key words: institutions, party system, party, ideology, politics, conservatism, state, civil society.

WORLD ECONOMY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.005

B.A. LOBANOV PhD student, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION OF THE BRICS+ COUNTRIES IN MODERN TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY

Rapidly changing economic and political relations have prompted the exploration of new ways of scientific and technical cooperation in the developing BRICS+ association, which in recent years has looked like an alternative for Russia. The article describes the prospects and possible areas of development of scientific and technical cooperation of the participating countries and applicants for membership in BRICS+. The main indicators are GDP, PPP GDP, GDP per capita and the innovation index, which sufficiently describe the economic condition of countries and their involvement in the development of science. Thanks to the innovation index, it is possible to analyze most of the industries that affect the development of science and compare them with other countries. Based on all the indicators, the analysis of the main advantages of the countries in the scientific and technical industry and their economic indicators was carried out. The annual values of the main indicators for the BRICS+ countries are presented. The center countries that can ensure the scientific and technical development of the entire community have been identified. The analysis of data that characterize the development of the scientific and technical sphere in the countries and identified industries that, with the cooperation of the participating countries, can develop rapidly and have an impact on the development of their economies.

Key words: scientific and technical cooperation, BRICS+, GDP, innovation index, development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.006

O.L. TOLMACHEV Ph.D., Professor, University "Synergy", Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN MODERN CONDITIONS

In this article, the author examines the features of the evolution of the principles of sustainable development of enterprises in modern conditions. To do this, the author analyzes the general characteristics of modern enterprise development, focusing on enterprises in the industrial sector, and also considers the principles of sustainable development directly, characterizes them. In conclusion, the author formulates conclusions about the prospects for further development of this area.

Key words: sustainable development, industry, industrial enterprises, current state, digital transformation, economy, principles of sustainable development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.007

FENG SHUHAN Master G.F. Morozov Voronezh State Forest Engineering University, Voronezh, Russia

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ON GLOBAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

The article discusses issues related to the digitalization of society and management. The purpose of the study is to study the impact of digital economic management on global economic development in the digital economy. The main research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others. The concept of "Digital economy" is defined. The article examines the impact of digitalization on various aspects of society and the state. The main areas of digital management in society have been studied. Financial management tools and their use by various subjects of the market economy are considered. The advantages of the digital economy and digital governance in the aspect of globalization of economic development are studied. The key problems associated with the management process in the conditions of digitalization of society, faced by the state, the population and organizations in modern conditions, are noted. The author emphasizes the importance of the transition of many industrial enterprises to a new path of development in the digital economy with the possibility of using a process approach in management. The stages of introduction of new digital management technologies are considered. The main groups of innovative digital management technologies have been studied. The author of the article concludes about the application of an integrated approach in economic management in the conditions of digitalization, based on actions on the part of state authorities, local self-government, heads of organizations and enterprises. This is the only way to achieve the greatest efficiency and get the maximum profit.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the impact of digital economic management on global economic development in the digital economy.

Methods: Basic research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: The influence of digital economic management on global economic development in the digital economy has been studied, the main features of this process and features have been identified.

Conclusions: Digitalization has made a huge contribution to the development of society and the state. It gave an impetus to the development of many business processes, increased the efficiency of many links in the production chain, transformed socio-economic relations. In order for this process to be effective, it is necessary to have competent digital economic management, which should be based on the principles of management, process management and the system of economic security of the enterprise.

Key words: society, state, development, prospects, digital economy, management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.008

D.A. KHOJAEVA Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Tajik State University of Law, Business and Politics Khujand city, Republic of Tajikistan

DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON CLUSTERS AS A PRIORITY VECTOR OF THE ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

In this article, cotton clusters and their development are considered as a priority vector of the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that agriculture in Tajikistan, especially cotton cultivation, is traditional in nature and is influenced by climatic factors and soil characteristics. The study defines the conceptual framework and defines the cotton cluster and its participants. The completed systematic literature review and content analysis revealed that cotton clusters have already proven their effectiveness in the international arena; the article presents countries with successful experience in this direction. An analysis of the current state of cotton clusters in the economy of Tajikistan revealed a number of trends, which are also described in the work. Based on the completed systematic literature review and content analysis with the aim of improving cotton clusters as a priority vector of the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan, in conclusion, the author offers a number of recommendations: creating conditions for farmers so that they can use modern agricultural machinery and equipment; conducting training programs and consultations for farmers; support for the development and distribution of modern cotton varieties; providing affordable credit and financial support to farmers and cooperatives; development of marketing mechanisms for cotton products, including brand creation, quality certification and search for new markets; encouraging compliance with environmental standards in cotton production.

Key words: Republic of Tajikistan, cotton cultivation, cotton cluster, cotton plant, cotton export.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.009

ZHANG ZEHONG Master, International Finance, School of International Economic Relations, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

DETERMINANTS OF THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES ON INTERNATIONAL FINANCE

The article implements a theoretical analysis of the determinants of the impact of globalization processes on international finance, which organize the modern global space of economic and financial relations. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to analyze and detect the determinants of the impact of globalization processes on international finance in connection with the transformation of the geopolitical and international economic space. The object of research is international finance. The subject of the study is the determinants of the influence of globalization processes. The purpose of the study is to reveal the meaning and significance of the determinants of the impact of globalization processes on international finance. The study reveals that the banking and financial systems are the blood vessels of the entire economy and international trade and global financial centers. This is one of the ways to solve the problems of financial development and integration, which is why the analysis aimed at identifying the main determinants of global financial centers within the framework of the development of international finance is of paramount importance for understanding and strategy of social development. The determinants of the impact of globalization processes on international finance and their characteristics are highlighted.

Key words: international finance, globalization, financial center, international trade, welfare.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.010

CHENFANG Graduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

This article reveals the concept “infrastructure” and identifies the features of its regional development. The article analyzes the total socio-economic potential of the region’s development in accordance with a number of key factors that affect the formation of regional infrastructure positively. In the process of analyzing the nine main factors of regional economic development, it is concluded that the development of regional infrastructure affects the economic growth and social development of the region and the quality of life of the population as well. The negative aspects of the economic development of the region, affecting the quality of infrastructure, given in the article, form strategic directions of its development.

Key words: public infrastructure, regional infrastructure, economic development, resources, innovations, investments.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.011

HASANOV JAVID Postgraduate student, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR OVERCOMING CURRENT FISCAL PROBLEMS IN THE EU

In this study, the author critically evaluates the main problems currently facing the European Union, and also proposes effective solutions for their subsequent effective overcoming. Through meticulous research, the author carefully analyzes these issues using a multi-faceted framework that includes important concepts such as fiscal policy, European cooperation, integration, taxation and monetary policy. Focusing on the European Union's historical experience with financial crises, the study highlights the need to develop robust and responsive fiscal policies that can enhance the resilience and stability of the European economic landscape. In the course of the study, the author applies general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, conducts historical analysis, and also compares various methods of overcoming current problems in the European Union. The author argues that the European Union has overcome three crises that influenced the formation of its fiscal policy. Thus, there are three different paths for the future formulation of fiscal policy in the EU: full fiscal union, limited integration and improved flexibility of the real economy. Each alternative has pros and cons explored in this study, which will have different impacts on EU fiscal policy.

Key words: European Union, crisis, integration, fiscal policy, economic flexibility, monetary policy, euro, risk management, public finance, alternatives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.012

B.B. GUROBAZAROV Postgraduate student of BIP SB RAS, Moscow, Russia

ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND APAC COUNTRIES IN THE ENERGY FIELD

The article researches Russia's interaction with the member states of the Asia-Pacific region (APR) in the field of energy. The author analyzes the main areas of cooperation and their impact on the economic development of Russia and APR countries. The article also examines the important characteristics of each APR country, including their need for energy resources, energy infrastructure and political factors that affect cooperation. The author analyzes changes in regional energy policies and their impact on the economies of Russia and the APR countries. The article also emphasizes Russia's role in energy cooperation and its potential for further development of relations with APR states.

Key words: economy, economic cooperation, APR, energy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.013

A.N. SAENKO RAS Institute of Africa Junior Researcher, Moscow, Russia

PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA AND SUPPORT FOR THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

The article analyzes the adopted Strategy for the Development of the Private Sector in Africa in order to study further capacity building. It is emphasized that the responsible structures should continue to make efforts aimed at creating a favorable climate for direct investment and for the development of the private sector in the country.

The private sector is mainly seen as an important contributor to Africa's economic growth. However, the problem of financing was identified as a serious obstacle to its development. The author of the article pays attention to the opportunities and role of the African Development Bank as the main tool for private sector growth. The mission of this bank is to fight poverty and improve living conditions on the continent by encouraging public and private capital investments in projects and programs that can contribute to the economic and social development of the region. The African Development Bank is a provider of financial services to African Governments and private companies investing in the member countries of the region.

The role of finance in promoting private sector development in Africa is examined and obstacles to increasing access to financial services in Africa are discussed. The planned measures to improve the private sector in Africa are listed.

Key words: private sector, African Development Bank, potential, development, financing, Private sector development strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.014

D.V. FATKHULLINA Graduate of the department's graduate school history of the countries of the Near and Middle East ISAA MSU, Moscow, Russia

TOURISM AND SELF-BRANDING OF OMAN IN THE CONTEXT OF SOFT POWER POLICY

This article examines the peculiarities of Oman's tourism branding from the perspective of soft power policy. The author points out that the course of the sultanate in the context of the concept under consideration implies the strategic use of culture, education, diplomacy and other means to achieve indirect influence beyond its borders. It is concluded that tourism, as an instrument of soft power policy, helps the state to establish cultural ties with other countries and promotes the dialog of different cultures. This approach strengthens Oman's diplomatic ties and positive reputation in the world.

Key words: soft power, Oman, Persian Gulf, tourism, Omani foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.020

V. LUCHIAN Postgraduate degree, department of world economy and international business, faculty of international business, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

LEGAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON EXPORTS OF "LIVE ANIMALS": ROMANIAN CASE

Romania is a leader in exporting "Live animals". The country is part of the group of global leaders in exporting live sheep, goats, as well as young cattle. The main part of the live animals’ products, almost entirely, is exported to the countries of the Arab Gulf and Maghreb. But in terms of import volume "Meat and edible organs" products are the most significant food group that has a negative contribution to Romania's agri-food trade balance over the past 30-year.

Existing problem in the EU regarding the restrictions on the export of live animals. The problem arose as a result of an investigation presented by Animals International, an Australian non-governmental organization with branches all over the world. The investigation, conducted in 2017, concerned the manner in which transportation as well as slaughter of live animals exported from the EU, especially Romania, to the Middle East and North Africa countries.

The European Commission has imposed a series of economic restrictions on live meat exporters from Romania, Spain, France and Portugal. In this series, a legitimate question arises as to the overall validity of the term "economic sanctions" against states or their economic entities.

The basic question that the author of the article focused attention on the legal nature of "economic sanctions", "retaliation" or "economic restrictions". The author of the article brings for consideration the statement about the lack of validity of the application of the term "economic sanctions" both in the theoretical doctrinal circulation and in the framework of foreign trade interstate activity.

The use of measures of direct pressure on states, which are systematically in economic doctrine are labeled as "international sanctions", in the context of public international law, are not sanctions.

Key words: UN, European Commission, Romania, Spain, France, Portugal, Middle East, North Africa, Maghreb, Animals International, agriculture, retaliation, economic sanctions, economic restrictions, foreign trade, live animals export.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.015

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor. Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

M.L. TIKHONOV Doctor of Military Sciences Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

A.A. ROMANYUK Candidate of Military Sciences Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

A.S. NEMCHANINOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, doctoral student Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

MODERN MILITARY-TECHNOLOGICAL SPHERE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE ROLE OF RUSSIA'S PLACE IN GLOBAL COMPETITION

In the proposed article, the authors reveal an urgent topic concerning the complex of problems of ensuring the competitiveness of the Russian technological and digital industries. It is based on the task of protecting the country's technological and digital sovereignty, which is fully the task of Russia's survival in the coming decades. The sharp confrontation between the United States and its satellites against Russia has become the norm in the economic struggle and diplomacy of the West. The clashes in the markets of chips, 5G technologies and artificial intelligence represent the reincarnation of traditional interstate conflicts, while detonation represents an uncompromising struggle between multinational corporations and states. In the article, the authors consider these problems from the point of view of ensuring the role and place of Russia in the modern military-technological sphere and artificial intelligence. Exploring this topic, the authors examined it from an economic, political and military perspective, which are entirely connected to a single.

Key words: ICT industry, existential threats, digital platform, military-technological sphere.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.016

I.V. ZVEREVA Student, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

M.A. PROVOTOROVA Student, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

RUSSIA'S FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITIES WITH THE EAEU COUNTRIES: KEY EXPORT AND IMPORT INDICATORS

The aim of the research due to the desire to characterize Russia's foreign trade within the framework of economic cooperation with the EAEU countries, whose states have been making a successful attempt to build profitable economic cooperation since 2015 and recover from the crisis caused by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking into account all factors, forecasts are made related to the potential of the single market to achieve the goals of the EAEU. The results of the study. An important place in the study of this issue is occupied by the structure of Russia's imports and exports within the framework of foreign trade activities with the EAEU countries, which has a key role in the formation of economic relations between the participating countries. The relevance of the topic is due to the state of the interstate partnership of nuclear power plants before the COVID-19 pandemic, when countries still had the opportunity to fully support cooperation for complete development, and after the pandemic, being in economic isolation.

Key words: Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), Eurasian integration, interstate cooperation, foreign trade, export, import, COVID-19 pandemic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.017

R.A. TOVSULTANOV Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of Modern and Contemporary History Department, Kadyrov Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia

M.SH. TOVSULTANOVA Lecturer of Foreign Languages Department, Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russia

L.N. GALIMOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of SGBN-1 “History” of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman (national research university), Moscow, Russia

RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN: A CHARISMATIC LEADER BETWEEN POPULISM AND POLITICAL PRAGMATISM

The article reveals the typology of the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan as a charismatic leader, the key milestones of his political biography and possible prospects for the development of his further actions. His young years and activities in the youth wing of the Islamist National Salvation Party had a great influence on the formation of the politician. By the beginning of the 2000s. R.T. Erdogan managed to overcome the influence of the principles of his teacher N. Erbakan and form a party that absorbed Islamic conservative and democratic liberal values in its political program. The first decade of the reign of R.T. Erdogan was marked by success in domestic, economic and foreign policy. However, the "Arab spring" inspired the Turkish president to intensify his foreign policy, positioning himself as a common Muslim leader. Neo-Ottomanist populism gained momentum. References in the idea of the revival of Turkish greatness allowed R.T. Erdogan to repeatedly win elections, crush the 2016 coup, and get a vote of confidence to amend the Turkish Constitution, concentrating most of the power in the hands of the president by 2017. The peak of the political power of the Turkish president can be considered 2020, when Azerbaijan, with the help of Turkey, won the Second Karabakh War. However, the Covid-19 epidemic and R.T. Erdogan led to a drop in living standards in Turkey and his own popularity in the country. The 2023 elections were the most difficult in the political biography of the Turkish leader, which, according to the authors, will lead to serious adjustments in his domestic and foreign policies, which, however, does not pose serious threats to the development of Russian-Turkish relations, especially in the energy sector.

Key words: Erdogan, charisma, leadership, populism, Islam, elections, Russian-turkish relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.018

S.I.M. SULAIMAN Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RESIDENTS OF JERUSALEM CITY IN PALESTINE

This article examines the identification of Israeli policies implemented on the ground, represented by colonial settlements and bypass roads, land confiscation, annexation wall and racial expansion, in addition to the administrative classification of areas in the West Bank that will affect these areas, especially the housing sector, and in this The study will attempt to shed light on the impact of this situation on the housing sector in: Space allocation, expansion and settlement of housing across cities and its geographical distribution, housing services and challenges facing this sector, an attempt to develop a vision for the future of this sector in the city based on on a historical, descriptive and analytical approach.

Key words: housing sector, geopolitical situation, Palestinian communities, Jerusalem, conflict, Israel, separation wall.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.019

XU HONG Professor of the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China

WANG YIFAN Master's student at the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China

THE INTEGRATION OF THE "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" AND THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION: THE STATE AND PROSPECTS

This article is devoted to the problem of coupling two major international megaprojects. Ten years have passed since Chinese Leader Xi Jinping announced the idea of the mega-project "One Belt, One Road" (OBOR). It is noted that over the past time, certain successes have been achieved in the implementation of the largest international project. Three Forums were held in Beijing with the participation of top officials of dozens of states and international organizations and institutions of various fields. It is emphasized that most of the land part of the OBOR passes through the territory of the states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It is concluded that in ensuring the strategic vision of the integration of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Chinese initiative "One Belt, One Road", it is necessary to base on the fact that international economic partnership should be based on the principles of harmonization of interests and mutually beneficial cooperation.

Key words: One belt, one road, Eurasian Economic Union, Greater Eurasian Space, interconnection, China, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.021

N.S. BAYRAMLI Graduate student of the Higher School of International Relations Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; head of sector Northwestern Institute of Management RANEPA, Chairman of the Azerbaijan Center for Humanitarian cooperation, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF “SOFT POWER” AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

The article is devoted to identifying the significance of “soft power” in the system of modern international relations and its role in the foreign policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The purpose of the article is to determine the potential of the “soft power” of the Republic of Azerbaijan and its importance for the foreign policy of the state.

Tasks. Disclosure of the content of the concept of “soft power”, identification of the main directions for the implementation of the concept of “soft power” in the foreign policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Methodology. The work uses logical and comparative analysis, the method of working with regulations.

Results. The author reveals the concept and significance of “soft power” in the modern system of international relations, and also seeks to show the efforts of the leadership of the Republic of Azerbaijan to promote “soft power” in the international arena.

Conclusions. It can be concluded that over the last decade Azerbaijan has been actively investing in the formation of a positive international image of the republic, in the development of its economy and politics, in the popularization and dissemination of Azerbaijani culture. “Soft power” has become one of the main tools for popularizing the Republic of Azerbaijan in the international arena.

Key words: “soft power”, Republic of Azerbaijan, Joseph Nye, president, cooperation, head of state, public diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.022

M.R. EGOROVA Senior lecturer of the Department of English at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

INFORMATION WAR AS A THREAT TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY IN THE MODERN WORLD ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CONFLICTS OF THE XXI CENTURY

This work reflects the specifics of information warfare as a threat to national security. These dangers are considered in the context of modern conflicts of the XXI century. The international community is characterized by many contradictions, which are expressed in armed conflicts and wars of various kinds, including informational ones. The paper defines the difference between information warfare and armed warfare and the differentiation of methods of their impact on the security of the state. The results of the information war, the main socio-economic and political threats are also analyzed.

The author relies on the concepts of "information threat" and "information war" in terms of ensuring information security in the global general political space. The article reveals the content of armed and information conflicts and their reflection in international information content, as well as the impact on social development and foreign policy of the state.

The purpose of the work is to analyze the content of the information war as a reflection of the information security of modernity. The object of the study we defined national security, the subject is the impact of information warfare on national security.

Key words: information war, national security, modern conflicts, safe space, cyberattacks, information threat, tactical manipulation, strategy for reduction, military-political goals, information weapons.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.023

L.A. LITVIN Associate Professor for the Department of Political and Regional science, PhD in Political science Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Lugansk State Pedagogical University», Lugansk, Luhansk People's Republic, Russia

THE CONFLICTUALITY TRANSFORMATION AND NON-STATE ACTORS IN THE MODERN WORLD

The changes that are taking place in the modern socio-political space affect the fundamental foundations of statehood. One of the main factors in this is globalization, which, among other risks, increases conflict. Conflicts are becoming more complicated, becoming multifactorial and multicomponent. The purpose of this article is to analyze the transformational practices of modern conflicts, as well as the role of non-state actors in the conflictogenicity of the modern political process. There is a general intensification of confrontations based on value and cultural principles, which are based on the conflict of identities. At the same time, several trends are being realized: the increase in the number of conflicts, their localization and the transformation of their content. The main vector has been changed, the role of non-state actors is being strengthened, and conflict is being transformed. In the conflict dimension, these processes can be described within the category of «asymmetry of political conflicts», when the conflict is characterized by a significant imbalance of the political and legal statuses and forces of the parties. The main goal of the state is to prevent the weakening of state sovereignty and the collapse of statehood, during which the system of official legal institutions is replaced by alternative structures.

Key words: political conflict, non-state conflict, political actors, non-state actors, transformation, sovereignty, conflictogenicity, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.024

O.G. PARAMUZOVA Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department Jurisprudence, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Northwestern Institute of Management RANEPA), St. Petersburg, Russia

THE ESG CONCEPT AND ITS APPLICABILITY OF THE ESG CONCEPT AND THE CONCEPT OF NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION IN THE FIELD OF PEACEFUL NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES (LEGAL ASPECTS OF LAW-MAKING AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)

The present study is aimed at a legal assessment of the importance of the ESG concept and the concept of nuclear non-proliferation in a broad sense in determining the prospects for their application in the context of reducing the risks of radioactive pollution of the environment because of peaceful nuclear activities. Within the framework of this article, the fundamental international and national legal acts on this topic were reviewed and subjected to research analysis, conclusions were drawn and proposals were formulated to improve the legal field in the field of peaceful atom, the need for further development of nuclear energy in the world was stated, provided that the legal culture in general and the culture of nuclear safety in particular were improved. At the same time, the importance of guiding the concepts discussed in the article was noted.

Key words: ESG concept, nuclear nonproliferation concept in a broad sense, environmental protection from radioactive contamination, peaceful nuclear activities, IAEA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.025

N.E. SHAKUROVA Associate Professor, Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Law, State University of Education (SUE), Moscow, Russia

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL THREATS TO RUSSIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the system of internal and external threats to the national security of the Russian Federation, as well as changes in the system of protection from these threats, starting from the 1997 concept and its subsequent revisions. In particular, it examines the reduction of security spheres, the constitutional changes of 2020 that clarify the legal aspects of information and international security, as well as an academic perspective on the three-element subject of protecting national interests. The article also discusses five criteria for the classification of the national security system, recognized by the legal scientific community.

Key words: national security, Russian Federation, constitutional changes, information security, international security, legal science, national security system, three-element subject of protection, threat classification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.026

ZHOU QINGCHAO Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Studies Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

RESEARCH ON THE TAIWAN ISSUE UNDER THE NEW SITUATION OF SINO-US RELATIONS

Since 2018, trade measures taken by the United States against China have led to ongoing trade tensions between the two sides. In this situation, China's territorial integrity was once threatened. Faced with China-US relations and the Taiwan issue, China must comprehensively analyze and take into account the numerous issues and deal with them properly. China must demonstrate its strong will and determination to safeguard national unity, exercise wisdom and courage to promote the correct resolution of the Taiwan issue, maintain territorial integrity and peace, and at the same time promote the harmonious, long-term and stable development of China-US relations and contribution to international peace. The article is devoted to the consideration of the Taiwan issue in current Chinese-American relations, the existing areas of cooperation and contradictions between the PRC and the United States in the new situation are examined, and forecasts are given regarding the prospects for the development of the Taiwan issue in bilateral relations between the PRC and the United States.

Key words: Sino-US relations, new situation, Taiwan issue.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.027

WANG MINGJUN Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St. Petersburg, Russia

SINO-VIETNAMESE VASSAL RELATIONS AS A FORM OF POLITICAL GOVERNANCE

The relationship between China and neighboring states had the character of a suzerain and a vassal. These relations are characterized by feudal times and are called "fan Guangxi zones" in Chinese. Relations between China and Vietnam have an ancient history. The basis of China's relations with neighboring countries is characterized by the word "barbarians". This concept included the peoples adjacent to China, and the Chinese authorities treated them as vassals. According to the territorial location, two terms can be distinguished – the nearest "fen" and the farthest "shu", and the system itself with vassal territories is called "fan guangxi zones". The translation from Chinese means "relations with close and distant vassals." These relations included a certain ceremonial for the ambassadors of the sub-territorial territories and the presentation of gifts and gifts. This model of relations had a long historical path and originated during the reign of the Qin and Han dynasties. There are two types of "fan guanxi zones". The first, characterized by feudal and dynastic relations and manifested between the central government of China and local minorities, was exclusively internal in nature. The second one refers to territories outside the territory of China and was dynastic in nature. The Fan Guangxi zone system was an important factor for the vassal territory and was imposed by China. During the operation of the Fan Guanxi zones, foreign monarchs were vassal heads of their territories and sought to become legitimate and at the same time fully recognized the Chinese emperor as a suzerain.

Key words: China, Vietnam, fan guangxi zone, vassal, vassal relations, suzerain, emperor, ceremony, gifts.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.028

Y.V. BARANOVA International Relations student of the Oriental Institute – School of Regional and International Studies of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

E.A. KHRAMENKO International Relations student of the Oriental Institute – School of Regional and International Studies of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND SAUDI ARABIA

The modern global economy is characterized by a high degree of interdependence of countries, especially in the context of multilateral economic relations. In this context, the role of strategic partners in global trade is becoming increasingly important. One of such significant partners seeking to deepen economic cooperation for Saudi Arabia is the Republic of Korea, which plays a key role in the development of the regional and global economy. As part of its foreign policy, the Republic of Korea is actively developing diplomatic and trade relations with the countries of the Middle East, and Saudi Arabia is one of the priority partners in the region. However, bilateral relations face many challenges and the problem of a few areas where countries could successfully carry out joint activities. The KSA and the Republic of Kazakhstan have yet to overcome these difficulties and develop a new roadmap that will expand the vectors of mutually beneficial cooperation for both sides.

Key words: Saudi Arabia, Republic of Korea, economic cooperation, Vision 2030, infrastructure projects, military-technical cooperation, energy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.029

A.A. KARAEV Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.A. VOLZHANIN Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A "U-TURN TO THE EAST" OR THE FIRST RESULTS OF THE WESTERN SANCTIONS POLICY TOWARDS RUSSIA

The article studies the experience of the Russian Federation in interaction with the Eastern states in the "Framework of the U-turn to the East", with special attention to such a factor as sanctions. The authors believe that this work will be interesting for consideration of researchers interested in such disciplines as: economics, political science, international relations.

The main purpose of the work is to analyze the political and economic performance between the Russian Federation and the countries of the Asian region field of the announcement of the policy of sanctions restrictions. To achieve the goal the following tasks were set: to disclose the concepts of "sanctions" and "U-turn to the East"; to consider the main stages of the introduction of sanctions; to analyze the political and economic situation in the period 2014-2022; to assess the Western sanctions policy and determine the prospects for the development of relations between the Russian Federation and the states of the East.

When writing the work, the following list of methods was used: analysis, synthesis, forecasting, generalization.

As a result of the work, the economic and political spheres of international relations between Russia and Asian states were considered, the degree of influence of sanctions policy on integration with the East was assessed, and the authors determined the prospects of "Turn to the East".

Thus, the sanctions policy of the West could not fulfill its main task – to isolate the Russian Federation from the rest of the world, on the contrary, it even pushed for reorientation in a short time. The authors noted that bilateral cooperation will further develop, at the moment large-scale projects and plans have been defined between the subjects of relations.

Key words: Russia, sanctions, the West, U-turn to the East, politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.030

N.I. NIKONENKOVA Bachelor of the Department of International Relations at Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

CHALLENGES OF THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

This article explores the challenges that may have a negative impact on the future development of South Korea's defense industry complex. The article analyzes key risk factors in this field, with a focus on the prospects of signing a Memorandum of Mutual Defense Procurements between South Korea and the United States. This agreement aims to eliminate discrimination in defense procurement and facilitate mutual market access for products, services, as well as research and development in the domain of military technology and equipment. The execution of such an agreement can profoundly strengthen their military alliance. Thus, while the signing of such an agreement could significantly strengthen the South Korea – US military alliance, it is important to consider the associated risks for former, including the possible displacement of South Korean companies from the domestic market by the American counterparts and an overall reduction in the export potential of the national defense industry.

Key words: Republic of Korea, Defense Industry Complex, arms exports, potential risks, the United States of America.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.031

D.I. POLISCHUK Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.V. MANDRISA Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

FEATURES OF THE EMERGENCE OF A BORDER CONFLICT IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE STATE: GENESIS, FEATURES AND CONSEQUENCES

The work presents a comprehensive analysis of border conflicts and their impact on the political system of the state. The study covers current trends, genesis and consequences of border conflicts. The methodology and theoretical aspect of the emergence of border conflicts and the influence of the historical context on clashes between entire states are presented separately.

Particular attention is paid to the differences in border conflicts in different regions of the world, and proposed solutions are considered, including successful cases of overcoming disagreements in this context.

Key words: border conflict, territorial claims, state borders, sovereign state, sovereignty.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.032

I.A. SIVOGORLO Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE APRIL REVOLUTION OF 1960 AND THE SEOUL SPRING OF 1980 AS ATTEMPTS TO DEMOCRATIZE THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

This article is devoted to the analysis of two significant historical events in the Republic of Korea: the April Revolution of 1960 and the Seoul Spring of 1980. Both of these episodes had a big impact on the political situation of the country and were attempts by people to achieve democratization under an authoritarian regime. The April Revolution of 1960 led to the resignation of President Syngman Rhee. It also marked the beginning of a period of relative political freedom, but this period was eventually interrupted by a military coup. The Seoul Spring of 1980 was another significant attempt by civil society to establish democratic institutions in the country. The purpose of this article is to analyze these two historical moments, identify the reasons that led to mass protests, and assess their impact on the political development of the Republic of Korea. In addition, the article aims to clarify how these events affected the country's political system.

Key words: Republic of Korea, democratization, April Revolution, Seoul Spring.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.033

XUDONGYUE Master of the faculty of global processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of scientific and technological progress on international relations. The emphasis is made on international scientific and technological relations of the digital era, developing in the conditions of global information revolution and transition to a multipolar world order. The article analyzes both positive and negative aspects of the impact of scientific and technological progress and information technology on international politics and considers the prospects of transformation of international scientific and technological and economic relations on the example of the implementation of international cooperation projects of the People's Republic of China. The article concludes that scientific and technological progress expands the sphere of international politics and leads both to the emergence of new challenges and threats in the sphere of international security and implies economic cooperation between the actors of world politics.

Key words: international relations, scientific and technological progress, globalization, digital technologies, transformation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.034

JIA XILONG Master, Faculty of World Politics International strategic communications Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CULTURAL SECURITY OF MODERN RUSSIA AS AN ELEMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY

Cultural security is an important element of national security, ensuring the preservation of cultural space and the identity of the nation and forms the necessary mechanism for the protection and preservation of cultural heritage, values, traditions and identity of the nation. The object of the study is national security, in the context of international relations. The subject of the study is cultural security as an element of national security. The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical foundations of the content of cultural security as an essential element of national security. The article reveals the concept of cultural security and its twofold applied nature. The factors that pose significant risks to national security are highlighted: 1. Legal and illegal immigration; 2. Information space and information culture; 3. The growth of occult and pseudoscientific communities and the denial of the spiritual foundations of culture and the primacy of scientific knowledge and cognition in society.

Key words: cultural space, information culture, identity, intangible values, national identity, national security.

REVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.035

Reviewers:

D.V. ZHIGULSKAYA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

L.M. RAWANDI-FADAI Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher employee of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

REVIEW OF THE BOOK BY THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF IRAQI KURDISTAN MASOUD BARZANI “CLAIMING YOUR RIGHTS. QUESTION OF REFERENDUM IN KURDISTAN"

Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations. Volume 12, Issue 5 (51), 2023

CONTENTS

MODERN PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL RELATIONS

Syzdykova Zh.S., Akinina O.G. The Role of Language Contacts in Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of Central Asia
Muamar F. Root-Causes and Solutions of the Islamic Extremism Kind of Terrorism in the Scholarly Local-Literature of the Mena Region

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

Tushkov A.A. Russian Northern Fleet and Problems of Ensuring Strategic Stability of the Arctic Zone

WORLD ECONOMY AND PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS

Novoselsky S.O., Smorchkova V.P., Morozova I.G. Characteristics of Digitalization of Science and Education

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Suleymanov A.R. Modern Integration Theories in the Context of International Relations Turbulence: the Eurasian Dimension
Chzhao Zhujci. Transformation of Sino-Russian Relations: Theoretical Analysis and Prospects
Magadiev M.F. SCO as a Tool for the Foreign Policy of Russia and China: Mutual Interests and Main Areas of Cooperation
Zakirov B.B. Prospects for Cooperation Between the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the United Nations in the Fight Against Contemporary Challenges and Threats to Security
Kalashnikova N.P., Nurtazina R.A., Sablina M.A. Expanding Geopolitical Perspectives: China and its Contribution to the Infrastructural Development of Africa
Krikunova S.S. The Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies to Achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technologies on the Global Problems of Humanity, Positive and Negative Contribution to their Solution (Part I)
Mehmet Urper. Syrian Crisis: the Place and Role of Turkey

Our authors № 5-2023

MODERN PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.001

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

O.G. AKININA Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE CONTACTS IN HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE PEOPLES OF CENTRAL ASIA

This article analyzes the influence of the Arabic and Persian languages on the formation of Turkic written literature, and also notes the role of the spread of Islam in the region and its impact on the socio-political life of Central Asia. The contacts and mutual influence of the Turkic languages with those languages that surrounded them in the historical past are considered, which is of the most important scientific importance for modern linguistics, literature, history, philosophy, cultural studies and other humanitarian branches of science. In particular, as an example, the work "Kutadgu Bili"g is given, the author of which Yusuf Balasagunsky was familiar with the achievements of the Arabic and Persian literary languages. Attention is focused on the fact that Balasagunsky includes elements of the Turkic folk tradition and folklore poetry in his work. It is concluded that language contacts contribute to the enrichment of artistic and it has an impact on the cultural and historical development of the whole of Central Asia.

Key words: Central Asia, language, Islam, Arabic, Persian, Turkic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.002

F. MUAMAR PhD Candidate, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

ROOT-CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS OF THE ISLAMIC EXTREMISM KIND OF TERRORISM IN THE SCHOLARLY LOCAL-LITERATURE OF THE MENA REGION

The paper reveals Root-Causes and solutions of the Islamic Extremism kind of Terrorism in the scholarly local-literature of the Middle East and North Africa (the MENA Region). Therefore, Islam as an ideology is addressed in this paper through Islamic books, the Quran, the Hadith (discourse), the Syrah (Mohamed’s life), and the Tafsir (explanation of the Quran, the Hadith and the Syrah). The paper describes the causes of the problem according to former terrorists, some of whom are former ISIS or Al-Qaida members or leaders. It describes the problem according to local-political leaders and according to religious organizations, such as Al-Azhar Observatory and the Union of African Muslim Scholars, from within the MENA region. Based on these, the study concludes that the local scholars have missed the real core reasons of terrorism in the MENA region. Therefore, the reasons that the local scholars have set are only manipulation to world politicians about the real causes of terrorism in the area. This manipulations by the local scholars have been working as a political umbrella to the acts of violence by extremists in the MENA region, and also fueling the problem of terrorism in the area.

Key words: MENA, Islamic, extremism, terrorism, Middle East, North Africa.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.003

A.A. TUSHKOV Postgraduate student of the Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia

RUSSIAN NORTHERN FLEET AND PROBLEMS OF ENSURING STRATEGIC STABILITY OF THE ARCTIC ZONE

In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 31, 2022 No. 512 of the Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation [4], the national maritime policy in the Arctic regional direction is built and conditioned by rich mineral and hydrocarbon resources, which are rich in the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of the Russian Federation in the Northern Arctic Ocean. In addition, this is due to the growing importance of the Northern Sea Route in the system of world transport communications. In this regard, the Navy plays an important role in ensuring the country's defense in the Arctic zone. Taking into account these circumstances, the Maritime Doctrine outlines the priorities of the national maritime policy in this regional direction. All this gives grounds to assert the relevance of the research topic chosen by the author in this article.

Key words: Maritime doctrine of the Russian Federation, national maritime policy of Russia, Northern Fleet, Arctic regional direction, Northern Sea Route, NATO.

WORLD ECONOMY AND PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.004

V.P. SMORCHKOVA Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Life Safety and Civic Education Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «State University of Education», Moscow, Russia

I.G. MOROZOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University», Kazan, Russia

CHARACTERISTICS OF DIGITALIZATION OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION

Introduction: the article analyzes the key characteristics of the digitalization of science and education in the Russian Federation under the existing socio-economic situation. Education and science are fundamental elements of ensuring national security in the context of hybrid warfare and general geopolitical instability. Taking into account the specifics of the current stage of the formational development of society, the key vector for expanding the potential of the domestic scientific and educational space is digital transformation. The active implementation of digital platform solutions contributes to expanding the capabilities of the scientific environment and increasing the availability of educational technologies. In addition, the presence of a digital component significantly speeds up communication processes, which generate additional opportunities for increasing the quality of education, the speed of acquiring knowledge and the effectiveness of interaction in the scientific field. Taking into account the relevance of the identified factors, the relevant government authorities must create the full range of necessary conditions for the further intensification of the digitalization of science and education. The search for reserves for increasing digital activity should be based on a comprehensive retrospective diagnosis, which allows us to identify key trends and cause-and-effect relationships of the current specifics of introducing information technologies into the domestic scientific and educational space.

Goal and objectives: the goal of the work is to study the key characteristics of the digitalization of domestic science and education in the current socio-economic environment. Achieving the goal becomes a consequence of solving the following list of tasks:

– justify the relevance of intensifying the processes of digital transformation of Russian science and education;

– analyze key indicators of retrospective diagnostics of the use of digital platform solutions in the domestic scientific and educational space;

– highlight the main results of digital transformations in science and education in Russia in the focus of the billing period.

Research results: the team of authors carried out a comprehensive retrospective diagnosis of the use of digital technologies in the domestic scientific and educational space. The paper presents the results of an analysis of the dynamics and structure of costs of scientific and educational organizations for the introduction of digital technologies, and also examines the indicators of digitalization of the educational space in the context of preschool education, general education organizations, secondary vocational education and higher education. The results of the generalizations made can become a relevant information base for making relevant management decisions focused on accelerating the processes of digital transformation in conditions of socio-economic instability.

Key words: digitalization, digital transformation, science, education, sanctions, digital technologies.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.005

A.R. SULEYMANOV Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russia

MODERN INTEGRATION THEORIES IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS TURBULENCE: THE EURASIAN DIMENSION

The article provides a general analysis of the theories of international integration. Based on it, it is concluded that Eurasian integration exists at once at the global, regional (post-Soviet), and national levels. Each dimension represents a separate model of federalist, functional, communication, constructivist, managerial and network characteristics of integration.

The global level is connected with the formation of a Large Eurasian partnership in the direction from Asia to Europe. The regional level determines the future of the post-Soviet space, which has existed for more than thirty years. The national level characterizes the adaptation of states to external economic challenges in the conditions of turbulence of international relations.

The author believes that Eurasian integration is both a process, a state, an ideological construct, communication, a network and a value. To understand it, it is proposed to use the theory of ecosystems, which implies identifying patterns between its meanings, determining the significance of each basis of Eurasian integration for the ecosystem as a whole. This is the main secret of the success of its application.

Key words: Eurasian integration, turbulence, multipolarity, polycentricity, integration theories, ecosystem.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.006

CHZHAO ZHUJCI Master's degree, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Political University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF SINO-RUSSIAN RELATIONS: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS

This scientific article explores Sino-Russian relations considering theoretical analysis and future prospects. It examines the key aspects of bilateral relations between China and Russia, investigates the historical context and evolution of these relations. Furthermore, it analyzes the contemporary challenges and opportunities for the development of a strategic partnership between the two countries. Based on literary sources, analysis of political declarations, and academic works, the article provides a well-founded analysis of Sino-Russian relations and assesses their future development.

Key words: Treaty of Nerchinsk, imperialism, diplomatic relations, Cold War, socio-economic reforms, Treaty of Friendship, Good Neighborliness and Cooperation, multipolarity, energy cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.007

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in foreign policy activities of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences Moscow, Russia

SCO AS A TOOL FOR THE FOREIGN POLICY OF RUSSIA AND CHINA: MUTUAL INTERESTS AND MAIN AREAS OF COOPERATION

In this article, the author outlines the main directions of the policy of China and Russia within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The issue of the need to develop cooperation between these countries within the framework of the SCO is considered separately. In the context of a tense international situation, the analysis of a wide range of Russian-Chinese cooperation within the framework of the SCO becomes relevant not only from the point of view of regional development, but also from the standpoint of ensuring global security.

Key words: security, humanitarian cooperation, Russian Federation, international relations, People's Republic of China, trade and economic cooperation, global security, SCO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.008

B.B. ZAKIROV Ph.D. student at the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Scientific specialty "International Relations" (Political Science), the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION AND THE UNITED NATIONS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND THREATS TO SECURITY

The article is devoted to the prospects of cooperation between the SCO and the UN against contemporary challenges and threats to security. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is one of the largest and most authoritative associations not only in the Eurasian space, but also in the world. Over its more than 20-year history, the SCO has come a long way and has become an integral element of the modern architecture of international relations. At the present stage, there is an intensive development of international relations of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization; this is largely due to the active role that the SCO plays in solving urgent problems in the field of regional and international security. In this regard, not only the states of the Euro-Asian region are showing increased interest in the organization, but also international organizations that are ready to closely cooperate with the SCO in a number of areas, including in the field of security. Undoubtedly, one of the most important aspects of the SCO's activities is cooperation with the UN and its specialized agencies and bodies. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization supports and complements the efforts of the United Nations to maintain international peace and security. In all likelihood, the SCO and the UN in the future will become the center of joint efforts to counter contemporary challenges and threats to security.

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organization, United Nations, challenges, threats, regional and global security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.009

N.P. KALASHNIKOVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (ENU), Astana, Kazakhstan

R.A. NURTAZINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (ENU) Astana, Kazakhstan

M.A. SABLINA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Saint-Petersburg, Russia

EXPANDING GEOPOLITICAL PERSPECTIVES: CHINA AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA

A huge part of the planet's wealth is concentrated on the African continent. About 60% of the world's agricultural lands are located here, including those that are not yet cultivated by anyone. Deposits and reserves of natural resources, both fossil and energy, are very large. Including hydrocarbons, precious and rare earth metals, as well as renewable energy sources. In addition, there is a potentially developing huge domestic market inside Africa. At the same time, the developing Chinese economy is in dire need of sources of resources and sales markets. The combination of these reasons explains China's activity in this region, expressed in steadily increasing interstate and investment cooperation between China and African countries.

Within the framework of the work, the goal was to investigate and analyze existing Chinese infrastructure projects on the African continent at this stage, as well as to consider the potential of Sino-African cooperation and its impact on the implementation of China's geopolitical strategies.

Descriptive, analytical and comparative methods are chosen as the basis. This makes it possible to comprehensively assess not only the existing Chinese infrastructure projects in Africa, but also the impact of their implementation on bilateral Sino-African relations.

As a result of the study, it is concluded that China's interaction with Africa is based on strategic political and economic considerations and fits into the framework of a realistic paradigm of international relations. China's presence on the African continent presents both opportunities and challenges for African states, although African governments need to take the initiative to seize the potential opportunities. China's bilateral relations with African countries are characterized by frequent visits by high-level Chinese officials to African countries. This kind of diplomacy is one of the ways Beijing is trying to increase China's importance to Africa.

Key words: investment, cooperation, China, Africa, infrastructure, interests, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.010

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.51.5.011

MEHMET URPER Senior Lecturer at the Department of International humanitarian relations of St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

SYRIAN CRISIS: THE PLACE AND ROLE OF TURKEY

The focus of this article is an extremely important and relevant concept of the development of the Syrian crisis for international relations. The author of the article tries to analyze the essence of the concept of ethno-confessional groups and the development of ethno-political events in the territories of the Syrian state. Also, to demonstrate the influence of the position of these groups on the measurement of relations between internal and external actors in the Middle East region. In this regard, the subject of the study is the significant position of these ethno-confessional groups, both within the political environment of the society of the Syrian state, and in Turkey's foreign policy, in the context of Syria. The main purpose of this article is to study the conflict in the Syrian state, in which many external and internal actors are interested, which can be competitors with each other, and at the same time be employees of each other, depending on different goals and ideological moods in the region. In addition, we are trying to analyze the whole picture of the crisis in Syria, which makes it possible to understand the fact that fundamental changes are needed to restore stability in the territories of this state and the Middle East. However, it is especially important to note that in the Middle East, relations between subjects are developing in the presence of trends in international relations, namely, on the one hand, in conditions of a trend of interdependence, and on the other hand, a trend of mutual competition and rivalry. In the article, using descriptive, analytical, comparative, inductive and deductive methods, for the first time a historical and modern overview of the ethno-political essence and position of the Turkomans in the military-political events in the Middle East is presented.

Scope of the results. The results that we obtained when writing this article find their application both in the field of predicting a crisis situation and, in general, the concept of stability in the Middle East, and in analyzing important and topical issues of competition and rivalry, including the relationship between actors in the territories of the Syrian states.

Key words: Turkomans, confession, Russia, Turkey, Islam, geopolitics, ethnopolitics, geostrategy, stability, Middle East.

OUR AUTHORS

BARANOVA YU.V. – International Relations student of the Oriental Institute – School of Regional and International Studies of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

BAYRAMLI N.S. – Graduate student of the Higher School of International Relations Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; head of sector Northwestern Institute of Management RANEPA, Chairman of the Azerbaijan Center for Humanitarian cooperation, St. Petersburg, Russia.

CHENFANG – Graduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

EGOROVA M.R. – Senior lecturer of the Department of English at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

FATKHULLINA D.V. – Graduate of the department's graduate school history of the countries of the Near and Middle East ISAA MSU, Moscow, Russia.

FENG SHUHAN – Master G.F. Morozov Voronezh State Forest Engineering University, Voronezh, Russia.

FURMAN F.P. – Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Theory of Social Sciences of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

FURMAN T.G. – Candidate of Cultural Studies, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative Law of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

GALIMOVA L.N. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of SGBN-1 “History” of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman (national research university), Moscow, Russia.

GUROBAZAROV B.B. – Postgraduate student of BIP SB RAS, Moscow, Russia.

HASANOV JAVID – Postgraduate student, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia.

JIA XILONG – Master, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

KARAEV A.A. – Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

KHOJAEVA D.A. – Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Tajik State University of Law, Business and Politics, Khujand city, Republic of Tajikistan.

KHRAMENKO E.A. – International Relations student of the Oriental Institute – School of Regional and International Studies of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

LITVIN L.A. – Associate Professor for the Department of Political and Regional science, PhD in Political science Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Lugansk State Pedagogical University», Lugansk, Luhansk People's Republic, Russia.

LOBANOV B.A. – PhD student, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia.

LUCHIAN V. – Postgraduate degree, department of world economy and international business, faculty of international business, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

MANDRISA A.V. – Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

NEMCHANINOV A.S. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, doctoral student, Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia.

NIKONENKOVA N.I. – Bachelor of the Department of International Relations at Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

ODINOKOV M.D. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Educational institution of trade unions of higher education "Academy of Labor and Social Relations", Moscow, Russia.

PARAMUZOVA O.G. – Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department Jurisprudence, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Northwestern Institute of Management RANEPA), St. Petersburg, Russia.

POLISCHUK D.I. – Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

PROVOTOROVA M.A. – Student, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

RAVANDI-FADAI L.M. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, senior researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

ROMANYUK A.A. – Candidate of Military Sciences, Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia.

SAENKO A.N. – RAS Institute of Africa, Junior Researcher, Moscow, Russia.

SHAKUROVA N.E. – Associate Professor, Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Law, State University of Education (SUE), Moscow, Russia.

SIVOGORLO I.A. – Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

SKLYAROVA S.A. – Assistant at the Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia.

SULAIMAN S.I.M. – Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.

TIKHONOV M.L. – Doctor of Military Sciences, Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia.

TOLMACHEV O.L. – Ph.D., Professor, University "Synergy", Moscow, Russia.

TOVSULTANOV R.A. – Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of Modern and Contemporary History Department, Kadyrov Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia.

TOVSULTANOVA M.SH. – Lecturer of Foreign Languages Department, Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russia.

TRIFONOV A.D. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology Educational institution of trade unions of higher education "Academy of Labor and Social Relations", Moscow, Russia.

TUSHKOV A.A. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor. Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia.

VOLZHANIN D.A. – Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

VOVENDA A.V. – Associate Professor, PhD in Political Science, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

WANG MINGJUN – Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St. Petersburg, Russia.

WANG YIFAN – Master's student at the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China.

WENZEL S.V. – Head of the Analytical and Educational Activities Department NCPTI FGANU Research Institute "Spetsvuzavtomatika", Moscow, Russia.

XUDONGYUE – Master of the faculty of global processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

XU HONG – Professor of the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China.

ZHANG ZEHONG – Master, International Finance, School of International Economic Relations, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

ZHIGULSKAYA D.V. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

ZHOU QINGCHAO – Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Studies Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

ZVEREVA I.V. – Student, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

OUR AUTHORS

AKININA O.G. – Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia.

CHZHAO ZHUJCI – Master's degree, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Political University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

KALASHNIKOVA N.P. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (ENU), Astana, Kazakhstan.

KRIKUNOVA S.S. – Postgraduate student of the M.M. Speransky Law Faculty of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Department of International and Integration Law of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, an external expert of the Expert Council for the Development of the Digital Economy, Technologies and Innovations of the Youth Parliament under the State Duma of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

MAGADIEV M.F. – Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in foreign policy activities of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

MEHMET URPER – Senior Lecturer at the Department of International humanitarian relations of St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

MOROZOVA I.G. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University», Kazan, Russia.

MUAMAR F. – PhD Candidate, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

NOVOSELSKY S.O. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Scientific Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia.

NURTAZINA R.A. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (ENU), Astana, Kazakhstan.

SABLINA M.A. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

SMORCHKOVA V.P. – Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Life Safety and Civic Education Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «State University of Education», Moscow, Russia.

SULEYMANOV A.R. – Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russia.

SYZDYKOVA ZH.S. – Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia.

TUSHKOV A.A. – Postgraduate student of the Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia.

ZAKIROV B.B. – Ph.D. student at the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Scientific specialty "International Relations" (Political Science), the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

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