№ 12 (65), 2024
Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 13, Issue 12 (65), 2024
CONTENTS
POLITICAL ISSUES
- Surma I.V. Modern Information and Communication Technologies and the Spiritual and Moral Immunity of the State
- Avksentyev D., Fadeeva D.A., Pavlov N.V. Specifics of the Legal Status of Artificial Intelligence in the Russian Federation
- Sidorova G.M., Itiuridze L.A. Modernization of Political Management as a Political Science Phenomenon in the Context of the Participatory Discourse Emergence
- Vartazarova A.E., Sklyarov A.N. Environmental Safety Issues During Combat Operations
ECONOMICAL ISSUES
- Kurbanov N.I., Kalatin E.B., Kvasov M.D. Economic Cooperation Between the Republic of Korea and Russia in Circumvention of Western Sanctions
- Nikitin A.Yu. Sociological Approach to Describing the Interaction of Political and Economic Actors
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- Baranova Y.V. Participation of Middle Eastern States in the Chinese "One Belt, One Road" Global Initiative
- Zemova M.I. Factors of Sinophobia in Europe and the Apacitive Countries
- Vorobyev S.S. Formation of the Image of the Enemy as an Instrument of Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period (1918-1939)
- Dedkovsky A.V. Approaches to Assessing the Effectiveness of Eurasian Integration Processes
- Selena Andreina Madris Rito. Peacekeeping Missions in Haiti: Striving for Development in an Instability Context
- Sun Yixuan. China's International Discursive Power: an Analysis of Diplomatic Strategies through Political Rhetoric
- Xu Chang, Dong Jiuyuan, Xu Hao. The Game of Globalization and Anti-Globalization
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
- Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. Issues of the History of the Ulyanovsk Region in the Focus of Research (Formation and Development of the Scientific School of Regional Historians)
POLITICAL ISSUES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.001
I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of the National Association for International Information Security, Associate Professor of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia
MODERN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THE SPIRITUAL AND MORAL IMMUNITY OF THE STATE
The article discusses the role and significance of modern information and communication technologies in the significant expansion of the scale of malicious and malicious activities of various participants of the global information space. This is due to the global information system created in advance by the collective West, in the field of which the wars of the last generation are unfolding. First of all, the US and its allies, as well as NATO and the EU, consistently and cynically under the slogan of promoting liberal democratic values and fighting rogue states in the framework of hybrid warfare, use disinformation and information manipulation as one of the main tools to resolve geopolitical and geo-economic contradictions and impose their will. It is noted that in fact, with the adoption of the “Strategy for Operations in the Information Environment”, the U.S. Armed Forces justified the need for special formation of the information field of activity in order to ensure their superiority in information and propaganda wars in the modern digital era.
The article emphasizes that in the long term there will be a reboot of historical self-consciousness, the system of education and upbringing, basic meanings and goals of society, rewriting of history, destruction of traditions and basic values. The author notes the need to use the potential of the latest information and communication technologies, including artificial intelligence systems to develop and strengthen spiritual and moral immunity in Russian society.
The author also assumes that despite the fact that in 2025 the OEWG will end its work Russia will continue its work on the problems of international information security on the UN platform and will most likely concentrate its efforts within the framework of regional organizations and associations, in particular, in the project of the created “Agency for Artificial Intelligence” within the framework of the “BRICS Leaders” association.
Key words: ICT, AI technologies, UN General Assembly, NATO, USA, spiritual and moral values, cyber operations, disinformation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.002
D. AVKSENTYEV Student of the Faculty of Management, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia
D.A. FADEEVA Student of the Faculty of Management, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia
N.V. PAVLOV Candidate of legal sciences, associate professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia
SPECIFICS OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
In the article, the authors studied the current regulatory legal acts regulating the functioning of artificial intelligence. The analysis of various approaches to the definition of the legal regime of artificial intelligence as an object of civil rights is carried out. Various methods of determining the legal position of artificial intelligence as a participant in the legal system are investigated.
Key words: artificial intelligence, electronic person, object of intellectual property rights.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.003
G.M. SIDOROVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Diplomacy and Consular Service of the Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
L.A. ITIURIDZE Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Private Institution of Additional Professional Education “Education Center “Alma Mater”, Moscow, Russia
MODERNIZATION OF POLITICAL MANAGEMENT AS A POLITICAL SCIENCE PHENOMENON IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PARTICIPATORY DISCOURSE EMERGENCE
Political and economic modernization in the Russian Federation quite often comes into the focus of close attention of the country's leaders. Improving political and socio-economic processes is a part of the citizen’s lives. At the same time, scientific analysis is crucially important for the particular practical implementation of modernization agenda priorities.
Based on modernization practices abroad and accumulating domestic experience, a participatory approach to the political governance modernization focusing on four key areas: the population competence, the civil participation infrastructure and civil initiatives promotion, network interaction, technologies of civil participation.
Key words: modernization, political governance, participatory governance, the population competence, the civil participation infrastructure and civil initiatives promotion, network interaction, technologies of civil participation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.004
A.E. VARTAZAROVA Lecturer, Candidate of Economic Sciences Federal State Official Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military Educational and Scientific Centre of the Air Force N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh) the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Voronezh, Russia
A.N. SKLYAROV Associate Professor, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Federal State Official Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military Educational and Scientific Centre of the Air Force N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh) the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Voronezh, Russia
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ISSUES DURING COMBAT OPERATIONS
The purpose of the study was to analyze aspects of environmental safety of a sociological and managerial nature in the context of combat operations. To achieve this goal, the content of the term “ecological safety” was revealed. The most significant military conflicts of recent decades and their consequences that had an impact on environmental safety are analyzed, namely the consequences of the Second World War, the Vietnam War, the wars in the Persian Gulf, Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan. It is concluded that most military conflicts, although their priority goal is not to cause harm to the environment, which is rather a consequence, but lead to inevitable and often irreparable environmental consequences. Therefore, in the current modern realities, the analysis of the environmental consequences of military conflicts is becoming increasingly important.
Aspects of international environmental law in the field of environmental protection in conditions of military operations were also analyzed. It is concluded that the primacy of military interests over environmental ones will remain in the foreseeable future as long as resource interests prevail and the armed forces do not begin to treat the issue of environmental pollution rationally.
Key words: environmental safety, military conflicts, environmental consequences, environment, ecocide.
ECONOMICAL ISSUES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.005
N.I. KURBANOV Research Intern at the Center for Spatial Analysis in International Relations, Institute of International Studies, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
E.B. KALATIN Bachelor’s degree student of the Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs KHU-HSE Double degree Program Economics and Politics in Asia, Moscow, Russia
M.D. KVASOV Bachelor’s degree student of the Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs KHU-HSE Double degree Program Economics and Politics in Asia, Moscow, Russia
ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND RUSSIA IN CIRCUMVENTION OF WESTERN SANCTIONS
Geopolitical tensions and unprecedented Western sanctions against Russia attache great relevance to the topic of Russia-South Korea economic cooperation. This article highlights the dynamics of trade relations between Russia and the Republic of Korea in 2021-2024, measures undertaken by South Korea to bypass sanctions, as well as the prospects for further bilateral relations` development. In addition, this article analyzes the factors that push South Korea to tighten trade restrictions against Russia.
Key words: South Korea, sanctions, Russia, Central Asia, economics, trade.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.006
A.Yu. NIKITIN Applicant of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DESCRIBING THE INTERACTION OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ACTORS
The presented study examines the ideas of supporters of the sociological (structuralist) approach about the mechanisms of interaction between political and economic actors. It is concluded that, from the point of view of the sociological approach, the mechanism of interaction between political and economic actors is built as follows. The subject, represented by a commercial association, sends an external signal to the system of repeaters that display the social statuses and roles of the company's owners. This capacity can be business associations, associations of graduates of prestigious universities, prestigious private clubs with a high membership threshold, specialized media, expert platforms, affiliated public organizations. Then the amplified signal is transmitted directly through different channels to the object of influence, represented by public authorities, generating a reaction from them. This approach as a whole relevantly describes the process of using inter-elite communication channels in the context of promoting business interests. However, at the same time, within its framework, GR is mixed with other practices, including the actual commission of corruption crimes. Also, the sociological approach does not take into account the possibility of broad differentiation of different elite groups within the channels of signal-stimulus retransmission. In particular, one and the same business association can integrate in its structure representatives of different establishment groups with opposing interests.
Key words: sociological approach, structuralist approach, political actors, economic actors, interaction.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.007
Y.V. BARANOVA Student of the Master's degree in International Relations (in English); Specialist of International Analytics Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
PARTICIPATION OF MIDDLE EASTERN STATES IN THE CHINESE "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" GLOBAL INITIATIVE
In this article, the author will consider the degree of involvement and participation of the countries of the Middle East in the implementation of the Chinese transport initiative "Belt and Road". During the research, the author used statistical data indicating the number of member states of the Belt and Road and the most important international agreements regulating the building of interaction between the PRC and Middle Eastern states. The port infrastructure used in the framework of the initiative, key cargoes and their share of total imports and exports for both China and the Middle East countries are considered, as well as an analysis of the region's current transport capabilities and an assessment of the author in the field of infrastructure potential as transit to the African continent and Europe, taking into account objective and subjective factors affecting the political and economic climate of the region.
Key words: Maritime Silk Road, Middle East, transport communications, GCC, Sino-Arab Cooperation Forum, oil imports.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.008
M.I. ZEMOVA Postgraduate student at the Eastern Institute – School of Regional and International Studies Far East University, Vladivostok, Russia
FACTORS OF SINOPHOBIA IN EUROPE AND THE APACITIVE COUNTRIES
Due to China's rapid economic growth and political weight, many countries have begun to treat it with apprehension. Today, the United States and China are actively fighting to attract as many countries of the Asia-Pacific region as possible to their side. The article examines the factors that have influenced the spread of anti-Chinese sentiment. In the historical context, first of all, we can name China's imperial wars, which forces the countries of the region to fear for their sovereignty, border security and gives rise to territorial disputes. Modern factors include: socialist state system, rapid economic development, insistence on a multipolar world and disobedience to America as a hegemon.
Key words: Sinophobia, "The Other", "Yellow Peril", anti-Chinese sentiment, racism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.009
S.S. VOROBYEV Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
FORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF THE ENEMY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF FOREIGN POLICY IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD (1918-1939)
This article is devoted to the analysis of approaches to the image of the enemy in the interwar period of international relations. Answering the question: why did the Versailles-Washington system of international relations, which brought much-needed innovations to international relations at that time, exist for such a short time? The study focuses on the prerequisites for World War II, as well as the formation of internal aggressiveness in participating countries in relation to external subjects of international relations.
Key words: image of the enemy, interwar period, Versailles-Washington system of international relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.010
A.V. DEDKOVSKY Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES
This article is devoted to the Eurasian integration effectiveness analysis. The practical result of integration processes is a direct consequence of the delegation processes to the supranational level and an assessment of the results of this delegation. In this regard, the article reveals the current approaches of the scientific community and the integration association itself to performance assessment on the EAEU platform. This study also contains proposals for introducing basic parameters for assessing the effectiveness of Eurasian integration.
Key words: EAEU, integration, Eurasian integration effectiveness.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.011
SELENA ANDREINA MADRIS RITO PhD student, Department of History of International Relations and Foreign Policy, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS IN HAITI: STRIVING FOR DEVELOPMENT IN AN INSTABILITY CONTEXT
The purpose of this article is to study the impact of UN operations on the socio-economic development of Haiti, analyze their conditions and the negative consequences they have.
Objectives: The researcher was given the following objectives: analyze the intervention of the United Nations in the policy pursued by Haiti, analyze the hybrid sovereignty of Haiti.
Methodology. The method of document analysis and quantitative methods were used in the research process.
Results. The conducted research revealed key aspects of international peacekeeping missions for the development of Haiti, especially in difficult conditions of political instability.
Conclusions. Peacekeeping missions in Haiti have shown that successful development in difficult conditions requires an integrated approach, consideration of the local context and active involvement of communities to achieve sustainable results.
Key words: peacekeeping missions, Haiti, United Nations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.012
SUN YIXUAN PhD student Faculty of Philology St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
CHINA'S INTERNATIONAL DISCURSIVE POWER: AN ANALYSIS OF DIPLOMATIC STRATEGIES THROUGH POLITICAL RHETORIC
The article examines the concept of China's international discursive power as an important component of modern diplomacy and global political influence. The main focus is on the analysis of China's diplomatic strategies through the prism of political rhetoric used to form a positive international image and promote its interests. The author examines the key tools and mechanisms by which China constructs narratives aimed at strengthening its position on the world stage. Particular attention is paid to discursive strategies focused on constructive dialogue, cultural diplomacy and the concept of a “community of shared future for mankind”. Examples of the successful use of political rhetoric in multilateral and bilateral negotiations are given. The analysis shows that China seeks to offer an alternative to traditional Western discourses by promoting the values of mutual respect and cooperation. The article emphasizes that China's discursive power not only strengthens its diplomatic position, but also contributes to the formation of a new balance of power in international relations. The work will be useful for specialists in the field of international relations, political communication and global studies.
Key words: International discursive power, diplomatic strategies, political rhetoric, global influence, cultural diplomacy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.013
XU CHANG Ph.D., Russian People’s Friendship University, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences; Songyuan Vocational and Technical College, Teacher, Associate Professor, Songyuan, China
DONG JIUYUAN Ph.D., Russian People’s Friendship University, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, China
XU HAO Master's student, China
THE GAME OF GLOBALIZATION AND ANTI-GLOBALIZATION
Zygmunt Bauman, a famous British sociologist, once said, “Globalization hangs on everyone’s lips, a magical mantra, a key to unlocking the mysteries of the present and the future.”However, at a time when the process of globalization, especially economic globalization, is accelerating, a phenomenon that has attracted the attention of many countries, international organizations and world public opinion has emerged, and the trend of anti-globalization has become more and more intense. In the game of globalization and anti-globalization, what is the way forward for mankind? Based on the definition of the concepts of globalization and anti-globalization, the history of their development and the analysis of their impacts, this paper proposes that all countries in the world, especially the big powers, should seek common ground while reserving differences, find the largest common denominator, draw the largest concentric circles, reach a consensus, form a joint force, continue to promote the process of globalization, and curb the development of anti-globalization trend.
Key words: globalization, anti-globalization, game, strategies.
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.65.12.014
D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Department of History of Russia RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
ISSUES OF THE HISTORY OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION IN THE FOCUS OF RESEARCH (FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF REGIONAL HISTORIANS)
The subject area of our analysis is the content of articles by Ulyanovsk historians about the processes and events in various fields of activity that took place in their native region (oblast) during the Soviet era (1920s – 1990s). The results of the analysis showed: a) the number of studies and interest in regional history is growing; b) regional historians from Ulyanovsk have increasingly begun to turn to the history of their region during the Soviet period. We do not exclude that this particular case is only a marker of a general trend in historical science. It is difficult to deny this; c) historical regional studies, especially about the Soviet period, generate not only a conflict of ideological and methodological nature, but also the need to abandon the dogmatics of the class approach and overcome cynicism and the same dogmatics and dictate of the now liberal worldview; d) regionalist historians and regional history become a means of self-defense and protection of historical justice.
Key words: review of publications, regional history, scientific school, history of the Ulyanovsk region, regionalist historians.