№ 6 (59), 2024

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Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 13, Issue 6 (59), 2024

CONTENTS

POLICY ISSUES

• Golovetsky N.Ya., Demetradze M.R., Kelson Noel. Scientific and Theoretical Construction of Socio-Economic Anthropology. The Socio-Cultural Security Model
• Kopylov I.A., Khlopotov R.S. Military-Technical Cooperation as a Factor in Ensuring National Defense and Security of the Russian Federation in the Conditions of Modern Interstate Confrontation
• Ivashchenko Z.S., Vasilchenko O.V., Grigoryan D.K., Dogareva E.V. To the Issue of Gender Inequality Influencing Women's Involvement in Political Life
• Tovsultanov R.A., Tovsultanova M.Sh., Galimova L.N. From Confrontation to Compromise: the Evolution of Russian-Chechen Relations in Light of the Diplomatic Activities of Bei-Bulat Taymiyev

ECONOMICAL ISSUES

• Borisova V.V., Kirillova O.V., Shleenko A.V., Paronyan A.A., Novoselsky S.O. Human Capital Management in Conditions of Import Substitution: Regional and Corporate Aspects
• Sorochenko V.V., Varnakova Yu.N., Svishchev D.N. Philosophy of Microelement Management of Socio-Economic Processes in the Formation of an Integrated Social Environment

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Arsenyan A.Z., Demetradze M.R., Kelson Noel. Agrarian and Urban Revolutions as Sources of Global Socio-Cultural Processes
• Komarov M.A., Mishchenko Ya.P., Yanchevsky D.P. Analysis of the Interaction of Russian and Foreign Political and Administrative Elites in the Context of Modern Political Comparative Studies
• Magadiev M.F. Russian-North Korean Strategic Partnership in the Context of Modern Challenges: Current Aspects of Cooperation
• Gromov M.A. European Rhetoric on the Spread of Democracy in Arab Countries through the Implementation of Neighborhood Policy
• Budantsev E.V. Information Security as a Factor of Strategic Sovereignty in the Space of Greater Eurasia
• Vasilchenko O.V., Ivashchenko Z.S., Grigoryan D.K., Malyavina A.B. Topical Problems of Assistance to Refugees at the Present Stage
• Vidiaev G.S. Food Security in the Era of Pandemic: Challenges and Innovations in the Asia-Pacific Region
• Gurinovich D.F. National Interests of BRICS+ Member States in the Emerging Multipolar World
• Aulov A.P., Somova I.Yu., Knyazkov I.V. Activation of New Trade Projects of the European Union and G7 Countries in Central Asia in the Conditions of a Rapidly Changing World Order
• Zhang Wanting, Wang Juntao, Kolesnikova T.V. Implementation of Measures Aimed at Participation in the «One Belt, One Road» Project of the Central Asian States
• Chalan Said Farhan. The Influence of the Great Powers on the Geopolitical Situation in the Middle East
• Shitikova Yu.A., Shaternik V.E., Frolova A.D. About the Global Spread of CNN's Digital Authoritarianism
• Ionina E.M., Malysheva E.B. Russian-Spanish Cultural Ties (Historical and Political Science Aspect)
• Nikolaev N.P. Climate Policy in a Multipolar World
• Polonchuk R.A. China's Military and Political Presence in Sub-Saharan Africa: Geopolitical Reasons and Prospects

REVIEWS AND REVIEWS OF PUBLICATIONS

• Medvedev N.P. Ethnopolitical Challenges: Foreign Experience

CONFERENCES

• Syzdykova Zh.S. Conference on the 300th Anniversary of Makhtumkuli Fragi

POLICY ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.001

N.Ya. GOLOVETSKY Candidate of Economics, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Management, Krasnogorsk Branch of the RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

M.R. DEMETRADZE Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Krasnogorsk branch of the RANEPA, Professor of the UMC, Moscow, Russia

KELSON NOEL Postgraduate student, University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia

SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY. THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SECURITY MODEL

The new model of socio-economic policy on an anthropological basis is of fundamental importance. However, world practice shows that only the sociality of the economy does not lead to the goals originally set for it. It is possible to link the characteristics of indicators of material goods directly to the standards of satisfaction of vital human needs, criteria of sociality only on a new scientific and methodological basis. It should be based on the socio-cultural aspects of socio-economic anthropology, since it is not enough to be based only on socio-economic components for a direct connection between the economy and man. It is quite obvious that no theoretical model can function without practical applicability. Therefore, a general model of socio-economic security is proposed as a basic element of state economic policy. Such a policy translates state-centric tendencies into socially-centric ones.

Key words: economics, economic anthropology, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, benefits, needs, indices, sociocentricity, universal well-being, socio-cultural methodology, social norms, social order, socio-cultural security model.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.002

I.A. KOPYLOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

R.S. KHLOPOTOV Candidate of Technical Sciences, Moscow, Russia

MILITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATION AS A FACTOR IN ENSURING NATIONAL DEFENSE AND SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN INTERSTATE CONFRONTATION

The article reveals the foreign policy activities of the Russian Federation in the military-technical sphere using the example of cooperation with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. New contours of the development of relations and the intensification of high-level meetings indicate the desire of both countries to strengthen ties not only in the field of weapons production, but also in the main areas of public life. According to the authors of the article, the signed interstate Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership will allow Russia and the DPRK to more actively and progressively defend their national interests on the world stage, jointly resist the sanctions pressure of the United States and its allies in the context of modern interstate confrontation.

Key words: sanctions, special military operation, military-technological cooperation, DPRK, comprehensive strategic partnership.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.003

Z.S. IVASHCHENKO Master's student of the department Political Science and Ethno-politics Department of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

O.V. VASILCHENKO Master student of the department political science and ethnopolitics RANEKh and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of political sciences, professor of the department Professor of Political Science and Ethnopolitics Department, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation , Moscow, Russia

E.V. DOGAREVA Researcher of research department and editorial and publishing department, Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

TO THE ISSUE OF GENDER INEQUALITY INFLUENCING WOMEN'S INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL LIFE

The article presents the external and internal factors that were barriers to women's participation in political and administrative activities. Also, examples from a history course are studied to examine women's involvement in leadership positions in detail.

The purpose of the study is to examine the forms and modes of women's participation in political and managerial activities and to identify its highest priority areas.

In order to realise the goal of the study, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1. Study of external and internal factors of gender discrimination.

2. Study of biological and psychological distinctive features of women that affect their ability to act in the role of a political manager.

3. Consideration of historical aspects of the formation of women's role in the political process.

4. Study of the current political status of women in the Russian Federation.

The research is based on general scientific methods, such as analysis, comparison, as well as on special methods, including historical-legal, sociological, formal-legal.

As a result of the study of the problem, the authors come to the conclusion that gender equality prevails in the political sphere in the main volume of developed and developing countries. At the same time, they note the existence of prejudices and stereotypes about the lack of effectiveness in political and administrative activity of women among male representatives, which from the point of view of biological and psychological signs given in the study have no confirmation.

Key words: political activity, gender inequality, women, politics, legal status.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.004

R.A. TOVSULTANOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of the Chechen State University named after A.A. Kadyrov, Grozny, Russia

M.Sh. TOVSULTANOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Foreign Languages of the Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russia

L.N. GALIMOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of History of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman (National Research University), Moscow, Russia

FROM CONFRONTATION TO COMPROMISE: THE EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN-CHECHEN RELATIONS IN LIGHT OF THE DIPLOMATIC ACTIVITIES OF BEI-BULAT TAYMIYEV

The article emphasizes that Russian-Chechen relations began to actively develop from the 16th century in a positive direction until the beginning of the 19th century. It is emphasized that at the beginning of the 19th century, Russian-Chechen relations began to acquire a contradictory character. This character is caused by the ambiguous policy of the governors (representing the Russian government), which posed a threat to the existence of the Chechen people. This led to an uprising in Chechnya in 1825-1826. It forced both sides, and, first of all, the Russian administration represented by General Yermolov, to rethink their policies and approaches to governing the region, as he began to actively use diplomacy. It is emphasized that Bey-Bulat Taimiev, during periods of confrontation with the Russian government, made attempts to find a compromise and establish peaceful relations. In addition, when visiting other countries on diplomatic visits (in search of an optimal vector of development for Chechnya), he stated that the forms of government and state structure of Persia and the Ottoman Empire were unacceptable for Chechen society. At the same time, the Chechens already had a long experience of interaction with the Russian Empire, which made it a more predictable and understandable partner. To a large extent, Bey-Bulat Taimiev's judgments were also influenced by the change in the approach in the policy of Russian military leaders in the Caucasus, especially with the appointment of General Evstafy Fedorovich Engelhardt. He differed from many of his predecessors in his more flexible and humane approach to governance. It is concluded that Bey-Bulat Taimiev played a key role in restraining the Chechen people from mass uprisings and joining radical movements, especially in the late 1820s – early 1830s. And with Taimiev's death, the key mediator between the Russian administration and Chechen society was lost.

Key words: Bey-Bulat Taimiev, Russian-Chechen relations, diplomacy, confrontation, geopolitics, diplomatic missions.

ECONOMICAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.005

V.V. BORISOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of «Management of Industrial Organizations» Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «State University of Management», Moscow, Russia

O.V. KIRILLOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University», Kazan, Russia

A.V. SHLEENKO Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

A.A. PARONYAN Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, ANO VO «Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law» Kursk Institute of Cooperation, branch, Kursk, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN CONDITIONS OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION: REGIONAL AND CORPORATE ASPECTS

Introduction: the work examines the features of human capital management at the regional and corporate levels in the current macroeconomic environment and geopolitical risks, as well as taking into account the goals set within the framework of the import substitution policy. The team of authors recognizes the strategic importance of building an effective human capital management model to minimize risks in the field of national security, as well as in the focus of maintaining corporate competitiveness. Achieving the goals set within the framework of the import substitution policy becomes possible provided that the potential of human capital is expanded. In this regard, to build effective human capital management, it is necessary to make efforts both at the state and corporate levels. On a state scale, the solution to this problem should be carried out in the wake of national projects that ensure the growth of demographic potential, increasing the expression of relevant competencies in the light of increasing entrepreneurial innovative activity. At the corporate level, comprehensive management of human capital should be carried out within the framework of the implementation of a policy of socially responsible behavior, the basis of which is investments associated with the creation of high-quality working conditions, lifelong learning, and the preservation of physical and moral health. Successfully solving problems related to the development of human capital will make it possible to change the trajectory of development of the country's socio-economic space, including creating the prerequisites for expanding technological sovereignty and increasing entrepreneurial activity.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the features of human capital management at the state and corporate levels. Taking into account the formulated goal, the following tasks were set in the work:

– clarify the structural essence of human capital from the position of managerial influence;

– analyze individual indicators of human capital management at the regional level;

– group the basic tools for human capital management at the corporate level.

Research results: the team of authors clarified the theoretical and methodological aspects of human capital management, taking into account national and corporate specifics, and also carried out a comparative dynamic diagnosis of the effectiveness of human capital management in the Kursk region and the Republic of Tatarstan.

Key words: human capital, management, human resource management, Kursk region, Republic of Tatarstan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.006

V.V. SOROCHENKO Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Management, University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia

YU.N. VARNAKOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Management, University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia

D.N. SVISHCHEV Candidate of pedagogical sciences, Chairman of the State Duma Committee of the Russian Federation in physical education and sports, Moscow, Russia

PHILOSOPHY OF MICROELEMENT MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES IN THE FORMATION OF AN INTEGRATED SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Annotation. The philosophy of microelement management of social processes is that the functioning of social processes can be reduced to a relatively small number of standard elementary managerial functions, the cyclical nature of repetition and the time frame of which have already been studied and systematized through fundamental research. Microelement management of social processes can become one of the subtle tools for managing the social environment, which is aimed at a discrete and tightly controlled change in the behavior and interaction of individual individuals or groups of people in society over a fairly long period of time. This approach is based on the assumption that a change in the micro-level of an individual's behavior and relations between individuals or social groups leads to an expected change in the conditions of the course of social processes at the micro-level, forming the prerequisites for sustainable changes in the course of socio-economic processes at the macro-level. It is important to note that the effective use of a single, for example, labor, or a set of resources requires an integrated approach and consideration of many social, economic and political factors that form social reactions, social interactions, and the country's economy. Significant advantages and relevance of microelement management of social processes can be newly opened opportunities for its use for systematic and progressive management of socio-economic processes at the micro level, which are still at the stage of designing these processes. Microelement management of social processes is based on the fact that the most complex and diverse management actions are combinations of simple, or primary, elements of the management system and organically merge with the processes of managing the economy of the region and the country as a whole.

The goals and objectives of the study. The purpose of the work is to realize the practical importance of microelement management of socio-economic processes in the formation of an integrated social environment in Russia. Within the framework of the goal, the following tasks are set in the work:

– to clarify the philosophy of microelement management of socio-economic processes;

– to substantiate the relevance of microelement management of socio-economic processes in the formation of an integrated social environment in Russia;

– to highlight the key results of the practical importance of microelement management of socio-economic processes in the formation of an integrated social environment in Russia.

The results of the study. The results of large-scale practical application of microelement management of socio-economic processes will make it possible to create conditions for harmonious coexistence and development of all members of society, contributing to the sustainable, integrally defined development of the social environment, social economy, socio-economic space, where each member of society has the opportunity to fully realize their potential and contribute to the common good of the country.

Key words: microelement management, social environment, social processes, labor resources, social economics, social organization of labor.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.007

A.Z. ARSENYAN Doctor of Law, Professor, Director of the Moscow Regional Branch of RANEPA, Academician of the Academy of Security, Defense and Law Enforcement Problems of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

M.R. DEMETRADZE Doctor of Political Science, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, Professor of RANEPA, Professor of the University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia

KELSON NOEL Postgraduate student of the University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia

AGRARIAN AND URBAN REVOLUTIONS AS SOURCES OF GLOBAL SOCIO-CULTURAL PROCESSES

The theme of the agrarian and urban revolutions is of fundamental importance, as they have become sources of new trends in human life. At what point does humanity count down? The question is not simple, since the development of mankind cannot be reduced only to geographical or historical factors. The scale of the efforts invested by our first ancestors in the development of the earth and the development of necessary life-supporting practices remains underestimated. The foundations of change were laid by the ancient ancestors of man, they also revealed many secrets of nature, the secrets of land development, the creation of cities, which became the sources of various forms of culture and civilization. Therefore, the prehistoric period of mankind should be considered a preparatory stage of the transition to civilization, which could not have happened without agrarian and urban revolutions. In this regard, these factors are interpreted as indicators of the totality of all accumulated practices of ancient societies, multidirectional spheres of human activity, and the formation of its cultural codes, the preparation of the foundations of the first states and the transition to a new level of development. The agrarian and urban revolutions, which have fulfilled the function of socialization, require a new understanding. In the work, the urban revolution is revealed as a process of gradual transformation of settlement areas into an environment of multifunctional significance, the creation of facilities, infrastructures, services, social contacts of interpersonal and intergroup relations. The topic is of interest to political scientists, cultural, social, economic anthropologists, and general specialists.

Key words: agrarian revolution, urban revolution, agriculture, Beringia, cultural codes, human factor, ancient society, economic anthropology, cultural and political anthropology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.008

M.A. KOMAROV Associate Professor, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Management and Informatics of the Novocherkassk Engineering and Reclamation Institute named after A.K. Kortunov of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russia

YA.P. MISHCHENKO Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Departments of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South Russian Institute of Management (branch) of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

D.P. YANCHEVSKY Graduate student at the Faculty of Political Science of the South Russian Institute of Management (branch) of RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION OF RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ELITES IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN POLITICAL COMPARATIVE STUDIES

The article examines and analyzes both the features of the political and administrative elites of Russia and abroad, as well as the characteristic features of their close interaction in the context of the modern political situation and globalization processes. In addition, an attempt is made to make a comparative analysis of the features of the interaction of elite structures of Russia and abroad over various periods of time, the genesis of these relationships is described. It also describes the prospects in the dynamics of relations between these structures and recommendations for establishing relationships between them.

Key words: political and administrative elite, political relations in Russia, Abroad, comparative political science, comparative studies, genesis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.009

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN-NORTH KOREAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN CHALLENGES: CURRENT ASPECTS OF COOPERATION

The modern world, marked by geopolitical tensions and a growing number of challenges, forces states to seek new partners and create strategic alliances to protect their interests. This article is devoted to the study of current aspects of the development of Russian-North Korean cooperation in the context of building a multipolar system of international relations. The work pays special attention to the analysis of the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the DPRK on a comprehensive strategic partnership concluded on June 19, 2024, which opens a fundamentally new page in the history of relations between the two countries.

Key words: geopolitics, Russian Federation, DPRK, international relations, Russian-North Korean cooperation, NWO, strategic partnership.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.012

M.A. GROMOV MA in Political Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

EUROPEAN RHETORIC ON THE SPREAD OF DEMOCRACY IN ARAB COUNTRIES THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD POLICY

The European Neighbourhood Policy, launched in 2004, envisages «improving relations between the EU countries and their neighbors in the eastern and southern directions, mutual sustainable development and economic prosperity, as well as the export of the European system of values and democracy». This project was originally supposed to play an important role in relations along the Europe-Neighbors axis and strengthen European influence in neighboring regions, but it did not achieve its main goals and underwent changes in 2011 after the events of the Arab Spring and in 2015 after the aggravation of the migration crisis. The article examines the evolution of the European Neighborhood Policy with a focus on «promoting the principles of democracy», as well as analyzes the changes that occurred in it after the events of the Arab Spring. In its first version, the European Neighbourhood Policy assumed that cooperation with democratic countries was the shortest way to solve security problems. In fact, European politicians were willing to cooperate with authoritarian regimes when it was profitable. After the events of the Arab Spring, the EU tried to revive the rhetoric about the importance of democracy, believing that the uprisings in Arab countries were dictated by the desire of the population to end authoritarianism, but this attempt to instill democracy again failed. The article shows that the lack of consistency in actions and double play led the EU to actually abandon the export of democracy and to devalue the principle of democratic priority in cooperation with the governments of Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa for economic benefit, stability and strengthening European security, which raises the question of the sincerity of European politicians in their rhetoric about spreading democratic values.

Key words: Arab Spring, European Union, European Neighborhood Policy, regional stability, regional security, democratic reforms.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.010

E.V. BUDANTSEV Chairman of the Bar Association "Legal Dictatorship", Moscow, Russia

INFORMATION SECURITY AS A FACTOR OF STRATEGIC SOVEREIGNTY IN THE SPACE OF GREATER EURASIA

Today, against the background of increasing geopolitical tension due to the change of the world order, which is no longer unipolar, the probability of threats to international security and peace is growing. The transformation of traditional relations and rules of the game has seriously aggravated the existing contradictions in the global agenda, increased the accumulated imbalances in the world. The article shows that one of the key anthropogenic threats to human civilization and the formation of sustainable foundations of the new world order is the growing power of information weapons both in the economic sphere to commit various types of fraud and crimes using information and communication technologies (ICT), and in the ideological and political spheres. The author emphasizes that the lack of unity of views of the world community on the issues of ensuring international information security (IIS) predetermines the strategic nature of close cooperation between allied countries to ensure, among other things, their ideological leadership in shaping the foundations of the world order and the new information space.

Key words: international information security, Greater Eurasian Partnership, state sovereignty, information and communication technologies, National Security Strategies, UN General Assembly.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.011

O.V. VASILCHENKO Master student of the department Political Science and Ethno-politics Department, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Z.S. IVASHCHENKO Master's student of the department Political Science and Ethnopolitics Department of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, professor of the department Professor of Political Science and Ethnopolitics Department, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

A.B. MALYAVINA Candidate of Political Sciences, research associate of the research and editorial-publishing department Rostov Law Institute Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

TOPICAL PROBLEMS OF ASSISTANCE TO REFUGEES AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The study considers legal and factual reasons and conditions for acquiring refugee status. The authors cite international statistics of quantitative distribution of persons with refugee status. The Russian system of legal and humanitarian assistance to refugees in the territory of the Russian Federation is considered.

The aim of the study is to identify the most effective system of state and non-state support for persons with refugee status.

In order to achieve the designated goal, the following tasks were set before the study:

1. Consideration of the essence of the concept of ‘refugee’, reasons and conditions influencing the acquisition of the legal status under study.

2. Study of statistical data on the nationality of refugees.

3. Examination of the legal framework, which at the legislative level enshrines the rights of refugees in the territory of the Russian Federation.

4. Study of local, regional and state programmes of assistance to refugees.

5. Consideration of the possibility of voluntary support of refugees by citizens and non-profit organisations of the Russian Federation.

In the course of the research, a combination of general scientific methods of scientific cognition such as analysis, comparison, synthesis and a number of special methods – formal-legal, statistical, sociological – were applied.

As a result of the study, the authors propose to disseminate innovative technologies of social work with refugees, as well as to increase the level of stimulation and support of volunteer movements consisting of citizens of the Russian Federation.

Key words: refugees, social programmes, war, state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.013

G.S. VIDIAEV Postgraduate student at the Eastern Institute – School of Regional and International Studies at the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

FOOD SECURITY IN THE ERA OF PANDEMIC: CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIONS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

The article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as the measures taken by governments and international organizations to strengthen this system. The author analyzes how changes in the economic situation, reduction in international trade, and border closures have affected the production, distribution, and availability of food products. The article also addresses the issues and challenges that have arisen due to the pandemic, such as restrictions on the movement of people and goods, a shortage of labor resources, and worsening conditions for the poor. The author emphasizes the importance of cooperation between countries to ensure food security, as well as the need to develop innovative methods of food production and distribution that will be resilient to potential crises in the future. Ultimately, the article represents an important contribution to understanding the consequences of the pandemic for food security in the Asia-Pacific region.

Key words: Hunger problem, food security, food problem, COVID-19, pandemic, political measures, international cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.014

D.F. GURINOVICH PhD Candidate, Department of Applied Analysis of International Problems, MGIMO, Moscow, Russia

NATIONAL INTERESTS OF BRICS+ MEMBER STATES IN THE EMERGING MULTIPOLAR WORLD

In the presented article, the systems approach allowed us to analyze the BRICS+ association as a system of relationships between the participating countries, which occupy a leading position in their regions and actively support initiatives to strengthen regional integration. Thanks to the comparative political analysis, it was possible to determine the place and role of the BRICS member states in world politics, analyze their potential, ideas and positions on international issues, consider multilateral relations in the context of the historical evolution of the foreign policy of these states, their economic potential, which has every chance of developing into political influence, which will allow more actively forming a new multipolar world order.

Key words: BRICS+ countries, multipolar world order, economic potential, integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.015

A.P. AULOV Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

I.YU. SOMOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

I.V. KNYAZKOV Master's student, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

ACTIVATION OF NEW TRADE PROJECTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND G7 COUNTRIES IN CENTRAL ASIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD ORDER

Introduction: the article examines the current foreign policy situation in Central Asia, a key region located at the epicenter of new trade routes between the EU countries and the PRC. In this article, the team of authors offers a compact analysis of the general provisions of the above projects, and also outlines a general analysis of the preconditions for changes in the policies of the EU and the Russian Federation in the region under study. It is noted that a significant part of this region is made up of former Soviet republics (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan), which are distinguished by both the complexity of their geographical locations and the diversity of ethnic and political landscapes in this region of the planet that is critically important for the global economy and trade. The authors also note the strategic importance of the region under study for almost all major global players.

Purpose of the study: analysis of the general provisions of the above projects, as well as a general analysis of the preconditions for changes in the policies of the EU and the Russian Federation in the region under study.

The results of the study: the team of authors agrees with the opinion of the majority of Russian researchers that the Republic of Kazakhstan and Central Asia in the next decade will not be able to achieve the subjectivity they so desire. This is due both to the above global trends and processes, and to intraregional contradictions, which force the states of the region to seek opportunities to solve the problems they face from stronger external players. An important role is played by the situation in Afghanistan and the uncertainty of the implementation of EU and G7 projects related to it.

Key words: European Union, G7 countries, CSTO, EAEU, Global Gateway (GG), Blue Dot Network (BDN), B3W («Bring back a Better World»), PGII («Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment»), EU Strategy 2035, Resilience.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.016

ZHANG WANTING PhD in Economic Sciences Director of the Research Center OBOR" And "EAEU" at North-West University, Xi'an, China

WANG JUNTAO Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate pofessor, Graduate School of International Relations Humanities Institute，Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

T.V. KOLESNIKOVA Doctoral Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate professor, Department of International Business, Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES AIMED AT PARTICIPATION IN THE «ONE BELT, ONE ROAD» PROJECT OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN STATES

The five Central Asian states are important countries that are located in the territory of the “One Belt, One Road” project, and it largely depends on them whether this project can successfully develop and advance in the Eurasian region. Currently, US and Western sanctions against Russia continue to intensify, and the Central Asian states may be affected by secondary sanctions. The five Central Asian states occupy a key position; they have a neutral foreign policy strategy, allowing them to make choices and explore their own development path. In May of 2023 year, the first China-Central Asia leaders' summit was held in China, where ambitious plans for the development of relations between China and Central Asia were discussed. Taking this opportunity, the Central Asian states will actively participate in cooperation within the framework of linking the “One Belt, One Road” project and the Eurasian Economic Union, which will not only accelerate the progress of regional economic integration in Central Asia, but also further realize cooperation with other countries along the Belt and Road.

Key words: Central Asia, China, “One Belt, One Road”, EAEU, trade and economic cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.017

CHALAN SAID FARHAN Postgraduate studies of the Faculty of International Relations. Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Northwestern Institute of Management RANEPA), St. Petersburg, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF THE GREAT POWERS ON THE GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST

The Middle East, having its own political, social, economic and cultural characteristics, was of particular interest to other States, in particular to the largest actors in international relations. At the present stage, in the context of historically determined aspects and the growth of international political tension, the issue of the influence of great powers on the development of the geopolitical situation in the Middle East is of particular importance. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the history and current state of the influence of the Great Powers on the geopolitical situation in the Middle East in order to determine the specifics of their foreign policy in this direction in the existing realities of current international interaction. To determine the historical aspects of the formation of the influence of major actors in international relations on the geopolitical situation in the Middle East, the most relevant information sources were selected, such as modern research and scientific publications by domestic and foreign scientists, materials from information and reliable information on the research topic. The result of the research is expressed in the analysis of historical conditions and prerequisites for the formation of the influence of great powers on the geopolitical situation in the Middle East and the definition of current trends and aspects of this influence in the region in the context of the current state of international relations.

Key words: foreign policy, Middle East, political influence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.018

Y.A. SHITIKOVA Senior lecturer of the Department of Russian and Intercultural Communication, Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia

V.E. SHATERNIK Student of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia

A.D. FROLOVA Student of the Department of International Relations and Customs Affairs, Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia

ABOUT THE GLOBAL SPREAD OF CNN'S DIGITAL AUTHORITARIANISM

Today, many surveillance systems in China are fragmented and imperfect. However, the Party is working to improve them. China's initial efforts to control the Internet twenty years ago were futile. However, the Chinese Communist Party did what many thought was impossible and today exercises an incredible degree of control over the information environment within the country through censorship and state propaganda.

China has been at the forefront of digital authoritarianism at home and abroad, which can be seen as a threat to the global freedoms of other countries. The United States, along with other democracies, is actively trying to counter this illiberal use of technology by developing an alternative vision for the use of digital technology that preserves individual privacy and freedom.

Our paper examined the mechanisms for exercising population control in the PRC, the spread of Chinese-style policies to other states, and the US response to the popularization of Chinese-style digital authoritarianism.

Key words: PRC, USA, authoritarianism, technology, artificial intelligence, surveillance, control, censorship.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.019

E.M. IONINA Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

E.B. MALYSHEVA Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

RUSSIAN-SPANISH CULTURAL TIES (HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE ASPECT)

Russian-Spanish relations have emerged in various fields: diplomacy, economics, social, political and cultural spheres. The development of Russian-Spanish cultural ties has a long history. Their emergence is connected with the desire to establish allied relations against a common threat – the Ottoman Empire. The first cultural contacts arose in the 80s of the XV century. However, the actual cultural ties between the countries date back to the beginning of the first third of the XVI century, when diplomatic contacts were established. Before the XVII century. Relations between Spain and Russia were sporadic, but it was at this time that strong cultural ties between the two countries began to form. The basis of fruitful cultural cooperation between Russia and Spain is: the uniqueness and originality of the cultural traditions of both countries, a certain similarity of the national characters of our peoples.

Key words: diplomacy, Russia, Spain, culture of Russia, culture of Spain, Russian-Spanish relations, Russian-Spanish cultural ties, cultural ties.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.020

N.P. NIKOLAEV Professor of the National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Property, Land and Property Relations, Moscow, Russia

CLIMATE POLICY IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD

The article considers the problem of the effectiveness of the global climate policy implemented by various countries. The author notes that despite the large enough financing of decarbonization projects by different countries, no significant results have been achieved to reduce the rate of global temperature growth. At the same time, it is emphasized that the real counteraction to climate change primarily requires solving the problem of cross-country management of the planet's water resources, which necessitates the construction of a multipolar climate policy. The author concludes that it should be about the priority of the «water climate transition» over the «green» one. The author also comes to the conclusion about the priority of the strategy of «small things» over the strategy of global abstract promises.

Key words: climate policy, multipolar world, water resources, hydropolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.021

R.A. POLONCHUK Candidate of Political Sciences, Institute of China and Modern Asia, Russian Academy of Sciences (ICSA RAS), Senior Researcher, Center for the Study of the History of China and Its Relations with Russia, Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S MILITARY AND POLITICAL PRESENCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: GEOPOLITICAL REASONS AND PROSPECTS

The article analyzes the main foreign policy guidelines that determine the military-political presence of the PRC in sub-Saharan Africa. It shows the approaches of the Chinese leadership to ensuring defense and security in the Sahel countries. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of military-technical cooperation between the PRC and the countries of the region.

Key words: Africa, military policy, armed forces, military development, military planning, reform of the armed forces, China.

REVIEWS AND REVIEWS OF PUBLICATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.022

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on National-State Structure and Interethnic Relations of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation (1991-1993), Moscow, Russia

ETHNOPOLITICAL CHALLENGES: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

Based on a review of scientific publications of recent years, this analytical article attempts to characterize various models of state-political regulation of ethno-national relations in various countries of the world. It examines the mechanisms of influence of the ethnic factor on the political stability of such states as Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Turkey, Japan.

Key words: ethno-national relations, human rights, political stability, state national policy, ethno-political challenges, ethno-political stereotypes, national-state identity, ethnic nationalism, Japanese nationalism, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Turkey, Japan.

CONFERENCES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.023

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

CONFERENCE ON THE 300TH ANNIVERSARY OF MAKHTUMKULI FRAGI

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