№ 4 (69), 2025

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Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 14, Issue 4 (69), 2025

CONTENTS

POLITICAL ISSUES

• Starostin A.M., Tovanchova E.N. Truth and Truth in Historical and Political Representations
• Zolkin A.L., Tikhonov V.A., Verbitsky R.A., Shamina S.V., Belashov M.N. Automation of the Learning Process in Russia: Connecting the Education System with Artificial Intelligence
• Konovalova E.A., Yamalova E.N. Youth Government: the Concept, the Meaning of the Institution, the Effectiveness of its Activities
• NazmievaI.F. Modern Risk Management in Russia in the Interaction of the State and Business in the Conditions of Crisis Uncertainty
• Ivanova M.I., Saratova I.S. Genesis of the Theory of Administrative Decision-Making Based on the Analysis of the Work "War and Peace" by L.N. Tolstoy
• Kiriakidi S.V. Violent Democratization as a Factor of Long-Term Destabilization of the Islamic Social Structure
• Artyukhin O.A., Lideka A.A., Kroha V.G. The Digital Reputation of a Municipal Leader as a Factor of Public Authority Stability
• Mandryka Yu.S., Grigoryan D.K., Evmenkova S.S., Kondratenko E.N., Kanubrikov V.A. Problems and Trends in the Development of Patriotic Education of Students in Educational Institutions of the Secondary Levels
• Rodionova M.E., Kuznetsov O.V. Endowment Fund as a Strategic Resource for Sustainability and Development of the Educational Environment: the Experience of the Financial University

ECONOMICAL ISSUES

• Glebova I.A., Khairulina T.P., Kuznetsova E.V., Smorodinskaya S.V., Grunina O.A. Management of Environmental Policy of the Territory
• Golovin A.A., Ksenofontova K.M., Novosel'skiy S.O., Zolkin A.L., Pivovarova A.D. Management of Development of Professional Competences of Municipal State Employees
• Gromov V.V. The Main Trends in the Field of Digitalization of Government Youth Projects
• Shleenko A.V., Saitova F.N., Duplii E.V., Semenov I.V., Novoselsky S.O. Social and Economic Mechanisms of Regional Management of Transport Services to the Population

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Muravykh A.I., Muravykh O.A. National Network Model of Russia of the Future
• Rotanev A.V., Shangaraev R.N. Analysis of Contemporary Trends and Political Situation in the Sahel Region
• Inyakina A.D. International Scientific Cooperation in the Arctic as a Direction of BRICS Work
• Dzhumma A.R. Artificial Intelligence in Education: New Horizons of Learning and International Cooperation
• KobelkovR.A. Cultural and Historical Aspects of the Oppressive Orphanage of Orthodoxy in Europe: Russophobia, Serbophobia and Nationalism
• Zholmanov A.S. The Main Directions of the Implementation of the Anti-Corruption Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the Present Stage
• Zainullin S.B., Yousef Obaid Saif Abdullah Alkaabi, Muftah Khayri Muftah Ahmed Khayri. The Digital Transformation of the United Arab Emirates as a Way to Manage Economic Modernization
• Nikitin N.A. Transformation of Modern NATO Cyberspace Policy
• Tushkov A.A., Voronov V.N., Bukharova Yu.A. Geo-Spatial Models in Organizational Methodology Border Space
• Fatkhullina D.V. “Soft Power” in Bahrain’s Policy: Features of the Tactics of a Small Country in the Region
• Shakhmin N.V. The Eurasian Union: from the Project to New Heights
• Yurchenko E.D., Kichenko V.V. Chinese Tourism as a Driver of Public Diplomacy in the Khabarovsk Region
• Mladenov S.V. Social Conservatism as a Сomponent of Fidesz Party's Policies and Ideology in Hungary Since 2010
• Shaimardanov A.A. Institutional and Functional Impact of Digitalization on Public Governance in African Countries

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

• Medvedev N.P. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): Main Activities. Part Three

POLITICAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.001

A.M. STAROSTIN Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of Global Processes and Strategic Governance Rostov State University of Economics (RSUE), Rostov-on-Don, Russia

E.N. TOVANCHOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Public and Municipal Administration, Rostov State Transport University (RSTU), Rostov-on-Don, Russia

TRUTH AND TRUTH IN HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL REPRESENTATIONS

Introduction. The objective of this study is to provide a theoretical reflection on and comparison of two key vectors in the representation of historical events – scientific Truth and historical Truth – in the context of the Great Victory, taking into account their cognitive, value-based, and sociocultural characteristics.

Methods. 1. Philosophical and epistemological analysis – exploration of the concepts of Truth and historical Truth in science and public consciousness. 2. Comparative cultural analysis – comparison of representations of the Great Victory across various educational and sociocultural systems. 3. Political-historical discourse analysis – identification of the influence of political coordinates (agonal, crypto-, symbolic, etc.) on the formation of historical memory.

Results. Based on the detailing and analysis of such basic forms of representation of events and processes of historical reality as the truth of history and historical truth, the article clarifies and expands ideas about the ways of forming images of Victory in the Great Patriotic War and World War II in the public and individual consciousness. It is shown that truth as a rational-cognitive image of reality is established based on special methods and algorithms of theoretical and empirical research in an impersonal, abstract format.

Truth is a phenomenon of social consciousness, largely rationalized, but retaining a socio-emotional and ideological background, elements of national identity and correlation with socially significant interests and values. According to a number of its characteristics, historical Truth is much closer to the humanitarian-scientific version of True statement and the ways of its representation based on such concepts of scientific culture as "subject", "discourse", "meaning", "text", "context", "values", "understanding", "interpretation", which It significantly distinguishes its "matrix of Truth" from its counterpart in the framework of the natural science and engineering subculture. Based on the materials of the ideas of Victory in historical science and historical education and propaganda, such significant phenomena as the "M. Ferro method in teaching history", the "culture of cancellation (cancelling)", the scaling of forms of representation of historical events and the subjective fragmentation of historical Truth are analyzed.

Conclusions. The findings of the study emphasize both the distinction and interrelation between historical Truth and historical Accuracy as two fundamental forms of representing the events of the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War. It is demonstrated that Truth is established through rational-cognitive algorithms of scientific inquiry, while historical Accuracy (or Truth in its socio-cultural form) possesses a more emotionally charged and value-laden character, rooted in identity, collective memory, and societal values. In contemporary conditions, amid ideological challenges and phenomena such as the “cancel culture,” the preservation and transmission of both Truth and historical Accuracy regarding the Victory have become strategically significant tasks for the humanities, historical education, and public consciousness.

Key words: Truth, true statement, "matrix of True statement", scientific and humanitarian subculture, subjective fragmentation of Truth, scaling of historical events, "culture of cancellation (canceling)", The Great Victory, the method of M. Ferro, political quaternion.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.002

A.L. ZOLKIN Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (PGUTY), Samara, Russia

V.A. TIKHONOV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Samara State Technical University (SSTU), Samara, Russia

R.A. VERBITSKY Deputy General Director for Science, JSC INNOTSIFRA, Moscow, Russia

S.V. SHAMINA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Natural Sciences South Ural State Agrarian University, Troitsk, Russia

M.N. BELASHOV Postgraduate student, Samara State Economic University (SSEU), Samara, Russia

AUTOMATION OF THE LEARNING PROCESS IN RUSSIA: CONNECTING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Introduction: the article considers aspects of automation of the learning process associated with the features of integration of individual elements of artificial intelligence. In the current situation of socio-economic processes, increasing the efficiency of the education system is a fundamental condition for the growth of the quality of human capital, which is necessary to maintain sustainable rates of economic growth. Digital transformation of the socio-economic space is already essentially a fait accompli, which imposes corresponding requirements on the education system. The use of automation tools and elements of artificial intelligence (AI) in the educational space is an imperative for its quality. The speed of social life and the volume of educational content broadcasting oblige the use of digital tools for organizing the educational process. Analysis of statistical material shows that at this stage, the educational system of Russia is increasingly involved in the digital space, and the use of AI is becoming widespread. the presence of the noted trends is a relevant signal of positive transformations in domestic education, which occur despite the negative pressure of unfriendly countries. The purpose of the work is to consider the focal aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in the domestic education system based on the generalization of the results of content analysis and comparative analysis. Research results: the authors' collective in the article, firstly, grouped the tasks performed by digital educational platforms, and also presented the most relevant requirements imposed on them, secondly, characterized the most relevant tools for automation and digitalization of the educational process, applied in accordance with the achieved level of technological development, thirdly, an assessment of individual statistical indicators reflecting the dynamics of the digital transformation of the domestic educational system was carried out, fourthly, the results of a comparative analysis of the automation of the educational process in Russia are presented.

Key words: educational process, education system, automation, digital transformation, artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.003

E.A. KONOVALOVA PhD Student at the Department of Political Science and Public Relations Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia

E.N. YAMALOVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Head of the Department of Political Science and Public Relations, Acting Vice-Rector for Information Work at Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia

(YOUTH GOVERNMENT: THE CONCEPT, THE MEANING OF THE INSTITUTION, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ITS ACTIVITIES

Currently, one of the current areas of state policy is the expansion of the structure of public administration, with the inclusion of representatives of various categories of citizens in its composition. One of the ways to implement this policy is the creation of youth governments, as a form of manifestation of youth self-government in our country. Within the framework of this work, the essence of this institution is considered, its main features are identified, the historical retrospective of its development is studied. The goals and objectives facing the youth government are defined. In addition, the procedure for assessing the effectiveness of their activities is analyzed, with the provision of current rating information for the specified planning period.

Key words: youth government, efficiency, association of governments, state, youth policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.004

I.F. NAZMIEVA Graduate student of the Department of Political Science, Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia

MODERN RISK MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIA IN THE INTERACTION OF THE STATE AND BUSINESS IN THE CONDITIONS OF CRISIS UNCERTAINTY

The study of risk management and risk management becomes especially relevant in a period of rapidly changing events due to the difficult economic and geopolitical situation, changes in legislation, the emergence of new technologies, as well as the social needs of society. Interest in understanding risk on the part of business entities has increased significantly over the past decade due to an increase in the number of large, medium and small enterprises that are trying to introduce risk management elements in their activities.

For most Russian entrepreneurs, such a phenomenon as risk management remains a rather unpopular tool when making certain decisions. The importance of considering risk management is determined by the need to understand and implement it at the state level, especially in times of crisis. Therefore, this article is devoted to the analysis of modern risk management in Russia in conditions of crisis instability. The author gives a theoretical excursion on the issues under study, turns to the research of domestic researchers in this area.

According to the results of the interview with the participants, the author highlighted gaps that do not allow the full implementation of risk management practices in companies. The article also presented many years of experience in the functioning of the risk management culture at SIBUR Holding. Elements of this model can be implemented in many organizations of the country, which will reduce the number of risks and reduce negative consequences. Companies need to pay special attention to building an effective risk management model that will allow them to identify possible risks in advance.

Key words: risk, political risk, risk management, crisis, uncertainty, challenges, political decision, COVID-19.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.005

M.I. IVANOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, PhD, Associate Professor, Deputy Head of the Department of Public Administration, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

I.S. SARATOVA Student of the School of Governance and Politics, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

GENESIS OF THE THEORY OF ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION-MAKING BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE WORK "WAR AND PEACE" BY L.N. TOLSTOY

The article examines the problem of conceptualization of fiction within the framework of the theory of managerial decision-making. The "new World" requires decision makers to be able to analyze large amounts of information, compare facts, see relationships, have diverse experience, a broad outlook, and a retrospective view of the world. The study of various management theories makes it possible to achieve the necessary understanding of processes, but only partially, since concepts are often fragmented, not always practice-oriented, and provide only a partial understanding of reality. At the same time, the literature allows us to see how certain concepts, theories, and management methods are implemented in practice in the lives of the characters. The author examines the fiction in order to reflect the origins of managerial thought. Within the framework of the research, the individual components of the theory of managerial decision-making are analyzed and the interrelationships between them in artistic works are determined, a structural analysis of works on the theory of managerial decision-making is carried out, a new view is formed on the sources of world literature in the paradigm of the theory of managerial decision-making. The text of the work was analyzed within the framework of a hermeneutic approach. The study of artistic narratives of works is considered within the framework of the works of philologist L. Klein, historian, cultural critic and art critic Yu.M. Lotman, which provide some interpretation of meanings and language, as well as help to understand the context of the events described. In addition, the work uses an approach within the framework of the Cambridge K. School. Skinner and J. Pocock, "context is king".

As a result, "War and Peace" provides an understanding of how decisions are made at the strategic level. Special attention is paid to what factors can influence this, why one strategy, which at first glance seems to be winning, loses, and how this relates to the specifics of Hegel's social reality.: "In society, everyone pursues their own goals, but the result is something that no one wanted." The role of the supervisor or decision maker is analyzed separately.

Key words: management, management decision-making process, game theory, L.N. Tolstoy, novel “War and Peace”.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.007

S.V. KIRIAKIDI School of Governance and Politics of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Moscow, Russia

VIOLENT DEMOCRATIZATION AS A FACTOR OF LONG-TERM DESTABILIZATION OF THE ISLAMIC SOCIAL STRUCTURE

This article analyzes the consequences of violent democratization in Islamic countries, a topic that has become particularly relevant against the backdrop of current political crises, primarily in the Middle East. The aim of this research is to investigate how the forced imposition of democratic values and institutions can negatively impact the stability of states with different political value systems.

The author employs a comparative analysis of theoretical concepts and real cases, focusing on the culturally and politically specific characteristics of countries that have faced external pressure during the democratization process. This approach enables a more nuanced understanding of the factors that may contribute to the successful implementation of democracy or, conversely, lead to its decline.

The findings reveal that violent democratization often results in increased inter-ethnic tensions, economic crises, and heightened political instability. In particular, attempts to impose democracy in Afghanistan have culminated in armed conflicts and the rise of radical groups following the establishment of democratic structures.

In conclusion, the author asserts that for sustainable democracy to take root, the process must be based on internal consensus within a society that shares democratic values and must occur in a phased manner. In contrast, external imposition of democratization proves to be an ineffective and destructive method for transforming political systems.

Key words: violent democratization, political stability, Islamic society, civilizations, the Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.006

O.A. ARTYUKHIN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

A.A. LIDEKA PhD in Economics, Associate Professor of the Department of Management of the South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration”, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

V.G. KROHA Postgraduate Student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration”, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE DIGITAL REPUTATION OF A MUNICIPAL LEADER AS A FACTOR OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY STABILITY

The article examines the phenomenon of the digital reputation of a municipal leader as a key resource for legitimation, administrative stability, and adaptive governance in the context of transforming public communication. The growing importance of social media as a primary channel of political interaction necessitates a rethinking of conventional forms of authority representation – especially at the municipal level, where direct engagement with citizens is critically important. In the digital environment, traditional administrative models of publicity are being replaced by flexible, personalized, and responsive strategies in which reputation is formed through rhetoric, behavioral patterns, and feedback dynamics.

The aim of the article is to identify strategies for developing a sustainable digital reputation among municipal leaders and the factors that contribute to either the growth or erosion of public trust in digital space. Special attention is given to the typology of behavioral models used in social networks and the barriers that hinder their effective implementation.

The methodological framework includes discourse and linguistic analysis, visual content analysis, and comparative case study. The empirical base consists of the verified social media accounts of the mayors of Yakutsk, Grozny, Belgorod, Kemerovo, Ryazan, Novosibirsk, and Chelyabinsk. The study examines communication formats, post styles, user engagement levels, and the quality of feedback mechanisms.

Three models of digital reputation are identified: emotionally open, formally administrative, and technocratic. Leaders who use personalized language, respond directly to comments, and apply interactive formats gain higher trust. In contrast, closed and impersonal rhetoric reduces engagement and increases the perceived distance between authority and citizens.

Key words: digital reputation, municipal leader, local governance, social media, political trust, public communication, digital agenda, political image.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.008

Yu.S. MANDRYKA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Criminal Procedure Department RYU MVD of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South-Russian Institute of Management – Branch of RANEPA, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

S.S. EVMENKOVA Master's Student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South-Russian Institute of Management – Branch of RANEPA, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

E.N. KONDRATENKO Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the department of political science and ethnopolitics of the South-Russian institute of management – branch of RANEPA, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

V.A. KANUBRIKOV Candidate of legal sciences, associate professor, deputy head of the department of criminal law of the UC on PS in the Department of Internal Affairs of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Volgograd, Russia

PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE SECONDARY LEVELS

This article examines the problems and trends in the development of patriotism in Russia, analyzes the reasons for the rapid reform of the education system in the field of patriotic education. The current innovations aimed at the development of patriotic education of students in mid-level institutions of the Russian Federation are also presented. The main research methods were general logical: analysis and synthesis; the method of comparative studies; sociological: survey and questionnaire, with the help of which we were able to find out the attitude of parents of schoolchildren to innovations aimed at assigning patriotic values to the younger generation. Based on the results of the study, we proposed additional measures to modernize the process of patriotic education.

Key words: patriotism, patriotic values, pedagogical process, patriotic education, "Conversations about important things", labor education, initial military training, the "gold standard" of knowledge.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.010

M.E. RODIONOVA Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications Executive Director of the Endowment Fund of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

O.V. KUZNETSOV Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Founder and Chairman of the Fund for the Preservation of the Cultural Heritage of the Vasnetsovs, Moscow, Russia

ENDOWMENT FUND AS A STRATEGIC RESOURCE FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE FINANCIAL UNIVERSITY

The article discusses the concept, mechanisms of operation and strategic role of the Endowment Fund of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation as an important instrument for ensuring long-term financial sustainability and development of the educational environment. The article describes the historical background of the foundation, its institutional structure, investment principles, and interaction with the donor community: alumni, corporations, and private philanthropists. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a culture of donations, the role of the foundation in implementing the university's priority programs, and its impact on the international competitiveness of the university. The article analyzes key areas of income distribution, the application of ESG investment principles, and mechanisms for ensuring transparency and accountability. It shows how the foundation functions as a financial safety net, an institution of continuity, and strategic development of the University in the context of economic and political turbulence.

Key words: Endowment Fund, corporate culture, investments, NPO, university, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, endowment fund, financial stability, educational environment, institutional development, culture of philanthropy, donors and patrons, ESG investing, strategic planning, endowment, succession of generations, asset management, corporate social responsibility, innovative educational projects, Strategic autonomy of the university.

ECONOMICAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.009

I.A. GLEBOVA Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Ecology and Nature Management, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky (PKU)", Moscow, Russia

T.P. KHAIRULINA Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky (PKU)", Moscow, Russia

E.V. KUZNETSOVA Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky (PKU)", Moscow, Russia

S.V. SMORODINSKAYA Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "MSUTU named after K. G. Razumovsky (PKU)", Moscow, Russia

O.A. GRUNINA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Moscow Regional Cossack Institute of Technology and Management (MOKITU), branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky (PKU)", Moscow, Russia

MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE TERRITORY

Introduction: the article reveals certain aspects of the management of environmental policy of the territory, which contribute to the expansion of the theoretical basis for ensuring environmental safety of public spaces. The development and implementation of effective environmental policy is a relevant area of activity of regional and municipal authorities, which should ensure a minimum level of anthropogenic impact on the environment and the maximum degree of national environmental safety. The work focuses on the following aspects of the importance of environmental policy, taking into account its target settings: ensuring rational nature management, balance of interests of the economy and environmental protection, reducing anthropogenic load on the ecosystem, the factor of investment attractiveness of the territory, preserving the biological diversity of ecosystems, ensuring sustainable development of territories, achieving rational nature management. In disclosing the essence of environmental policy, several author's interpretations of this category were considered.

The purpose of the work is to clarify the theoretical and methodological aspects of the development and implementation of environmental policy at the city and regional levels, concretizing its essence and significance, the capacity of regulatory and legal support, as well as the features of the adaptable management mechanism.

Results of the study: the authors' collective generalized individual aspects of the territory's environmental policy management, which found their expression in the specification of the essence, goals and principles of environmental management, the allocation of tools for minimizing environmental risks, as well as the grouping of key blocks of the mechanism for implementing environmental policy at the city and regional levels.

Key words: ecology, environmental policy, anthropogenic impact, environmental risks, environmental safety, monitoring.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.011

A.A. GOLOVIN Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Public Administration, South-West State University, Kursk, Russia

K.M. KSENOFONTOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Psychology, A.N. Kosygin Russian State University (Technology. Design. Art), Moscow, Russia

S.O. NOVOSEL'SKIY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Scientific Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations, ANO VO "University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky", research fellow of the research laboratory, Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia

A.L. ZOLKIN Candidate of technical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the department of "Informatics and computer engineering" Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Volga Region State University of Telecommunications and Informatics" (PSUTI), Samara, Russia

A.D. PIVOVAROVA Student of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky" (PKU), Moscow, Russia

MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES OF MUNICIPAL STATE EMPLOYEES

Introduction: the general essence of the application of the competence-based approach consists in the formation of a certain model of municipal employees' competencies, their arrangement taking into account the results of the adaptation of this model, as well as the development of measures to increase the expression of professional competencies within the framework of the application of the criteria of this model. The key advantage of the professional competencies model should be its flexibility, ensuring the prompt response to transformations in the socio-economic space. In addition, at the level of municipal administrations, it is necessary to guarantee the rhythm and effectiveness of the assessment procedures, which will allow accumulating real results relative to the current level of qualification and implementing a prompt response to the insufficient expression of certain professional competencies. Appointment to the position of a municipal employee is possible only if he/she has the required level of competence and professionalism. To fill vacant positions in municipal authorities, a candidate must have a certain set of qualification professional characteristics. The purpose of the work is to clarify certain aspects of managing the development of professional competencies of state municipal employees. Research results: the authors in the article clarify the essence of the concepts of competence, competency, competency model, present a classification of professional competencies of employees, consider the main methods for assessing the level of development of professional competencies of municipal employees, and highlight the key regulatory and legal aspects of regulating the level of expression of professional competence.

Key words: competence, civil service, municipal management, competency-based approach, competency model, professional development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.012

V.V. GROMOV Applicant of the Department of Political Science and Political Management of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN TRENDS IN THE FIELD OF DIGITALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT YOUTH PROJECTS

As part of the study of current trends in the youth environment, some transformational changes are identified, mainly related to the growth of media consumption, the emergence of new competencies for communication in social networks, the use of artificial intelligence in everyday life, etc. Such a statement of the issue is actualized, among other things, in the context of discussions at the level of the Russian political leadership within the framework of the implementation of the state youth policy of the Russian Federation. In this regard, relevant measures are being launched by the state – the use of special information and analytical systems, discussion of the current digital agenda on media platforms, updating the requirements for the tasks of specialists in youth work, etc. in the context of digitalization of government youth projects. At the same time, problems remain in the formation of digital literacy and ensuring the digital security of young people.

Key words: society, youth, state youth policy, digitalization, digital security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.013

A.V. SHLEENKO Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

F.N. SAITOVA Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Agronomy Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «North Caucasian State Academy», Cherkessk, Russia

E.V. DUPLII Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Management, Marketing and Sales Management Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Social University», Moscow, Russia

I.V. SEMENOV Candidate of economic sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the marketing department of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «State University of Management», Moscow, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Researcher, Research Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISMS OF REGIONAL MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT SERVICES TO THE POPULATION

Introduction: the article considers the key aspects of building a regional management of transport services to the population, taking into account the socio-economic characteristics of the territory's development. Building an effective system of transport services to the population is of paramount importance in light of creating a comfortable and safe urban environment. For a number of reasons, the majority of the territory's population uses public rather than personal transport to solve their social and everyday issues, which increases the importance of regional management in the area under study. Transport services are the basis for the life support of the territory, as they create conditions for the movement of the population on everyday issues and for solving production problems. The existing socio-economic conditions impose an increasing number of requirements on the organization of transport activities, which are associated with the need to intensify passenger transportation and expand security boundaries. The purpose of the work is to clarify the theoretical and methodological aspects of building regional management of transport services to the population in the existing socio-economic situation. Results of the study: the authors revealed the essence and significance of public transport services, outlined the specifics of managing public transport services, and considered the methodological aspects of organizing public transport services at the municipal and regional levels.

Key words: transport, transport services, regional management, socio-economic development, territorial management, transport accessibility.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.014

A.I. MURAVYKH Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Public Administration and National Security of the Presidential Academy Moscow, Russia

O.A. MURAVYKH Senior Lecturer of the Center for Linguistics and Professional Communication of the Academic Faculty of the Presidential Academy, Moscow, Russia

NATIONAL NETWORK MODEL OF RUSSIA OF THE FUTURE

The article provides a brief analysis of the state of Western liberal ideology and the ideology of the Communist Party of China, and identifies the "ideological vacuum" of Russia. It proposes the creation of a permanent digital platform that would allow organizing the process of all-Russian network modeling of the desired future of Russia with getting the intermediate results. Direct and feedback communication between public authorities and civil society is carried out, and a network political culture is formed. An exceptional opportunity appears for creative citizens of Russia to form the desired virtual face of Russia of the future through network interaction.

Key words: Russia, network model, future, ideology, national idea.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.015

A.V. ROTANEV Aspirant, Diplomatic Academy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

R.N. SHANGARAEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Ph.D. (Economic Sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration, Diplomatic Academy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY TRENDS AND POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE SAHEL REGION

The Sahel region, which occupies the transition zone between the Sahara and sub-Saharan Africa, remains one of the most volatile territories in the world. The article analyzes the key factors that determine the political dynamics of the region: terrorist activity, weakness of state institutions, military coups, inter-communal conflicts and geopolitical competition. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the Confederation of Sahel States (GCU) as a reaction to the ineffectiveness of international and regional initiatives in the field of security. The study reveals the relationship between historical colonial legacy, climate change, socio-economic problems and escalating violence. The conclusion is made about the need for a comprehensive approach to the stabilization of the region, combining security measures with economic development, climate adaptation and inter-community dialogue.

Key words: Sahel, regional security, terrorism, military coups, geopolitical competition, postcolonialism, climate change.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.016

A.D. INYAKINA Postgraduate student of the faculty of international relations and political studies of the North-West Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION IN THE ARCTIC AS A DIRECTION OF BRICS WORK

The article examines the development of international scientific cooperation among BRICS countries in the Arctic, focusing on key initiatives, documents, and mechanisms of interaction. It traces the evolution of the Arctic agenda within the association, including the signing of the 2015 Memorandum, the establishment of working groups, and the implementation of joint projects. Special attention is paid to Russia’s role in advancing polar research and the interests of non-regional actors (China, India, Brazil) in Arctic development. Based on an analysis of BRICS summit declarations and current geopolitical shifts, the study concludes with insights into the potential transformation of traditional regional governance frameworks.

Key words: BRICS, Arctic region, scientific cooperation, polar research, international initiative.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.017

A.R. DZHUMMA Manager of the educational Process Yandex Practicum, Moscow, Russia

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION: NEW HORIZONS OF LEARNING AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

The article analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on education in the context of digital transformation. The study explores key areas of AI implementation in educational practice: adaptive learning, intelligent assistants, automated assessment, and personalized learning paths. Special attention is paid to the changing roles of teachers and learners, as well as to the risks of digital inequality, reduced human interaction, and privacy threats. The paper substantiates the need for humanitarian expertise and international cooperation in the deployment of AI in education. It concludes that effective and ethically responsible AI integration is only possible through the preservation of educational values and the development of an inclusive digital environment.

Key words: artificial intelligence, education digitalization, adaptive learning, AI ethics, digital inequality, educational transformation, international cooperation, digital diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.018

R.A. KOBELKOV Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE OPPRESSIVE ORPHANAGE OF ORTHODOXY IN EUROPE: RUSSOPHOBIA, SERBOPHOBIA AND NATIONALISM

This article explores the historical, cultural, and political foundations of the phenomena of Russophobia and Serbophobia within the context of European history. These phenomena are examined as specific forms of religious and civilizational alienation that became entrenched in European consciousness due to a complex interplay of factors, including the Great Schism of 1054, the expansion of Catholic and Protestant paradigms, and geopolitical rivalry between the West and the Orthodox East. Special attention is given to the formation of enduring stereotypes portraying Russia and Serbia as backward, despotic, and threatening entities in opposition to the “civilized” world.

Based on the analysis of historical sources and examples – from the propaganda surrounding the Crimean War to Enlightenment-era travelogues – the author demonstrates how religious differences between Eastern Orthodoxy and Western Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism) served as a basis for symbolic opposition. While differing in origin, Russophobia and Serbophobia share common roots in the perception of Orthodoxy as a dogmatic, non-European, and alien tradition.

The article further shows that with the rise of nationalism in the 18th and 19th centuries, religious affiliation became a key marker of national identity, and Orthodoxy became a target for marginalization. Contemporary expressions of these prejudices are also examined, including restrictions on Orthodox institutions in post-Ottoman and post-Soviet spaces, and the rhetoric of “European choice” accompanied by pressures to abandon Eastern Christian identity. The author concludes that Russophobia and Serbophobia function as long-standing constructs of the “Other,” continually reshaped but not erased, reflecting the enduring power of historical stereotypes within European discourse.

Key words: Russophobia, Serbophobia, Orthodoxy, nationalism, Europe, oppression, cultural-historical aspects, religious estrangement.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.019

A.S. ZHOLMANOV Applicant of the Department of Political Science and Political Management of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The dynamics of the implementation of the anti-corruption policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in modern conditions generally demonstrates the successful formation of anti-corruption potential and the effective application of formulated anti-corruption tools. This is confirmed by the data of relevant reporting and statistical materials, as well as relevant information in the framework of international ratings. At the same time, there are still some unresolved issues in the public administration system of the Republic of Kazakhstan that require appropriate regulation and control by the political leadership. For this reason, it seems advisable to determine the main directions of the implementation of the anti-corruption policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present stage, considering the requirements of perspective and effectiveness.

Key words: Republic of Kazakhstan, corruption, anti-corruption policy, public administration, monitoring, digitalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.020

S.B. ZAINULLIN Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor of the Department of Advertising and Visual Communications of the Synergy University, Moscow, Russia ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9818-4706 SPIN-код: 7360-8675

YOUSEF OBAID SAIF ABDULLAH ALKAABI Magister student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, UAE ORCID ID: 0009-0002-4015-3039

MUFTAH KHAYRI MUFTAH AHMED KHAYRI Magister student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, UAE

THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AS A WAY TO MANAGE ECONOMIC MODERNIZATION

Digital transformation, the industrial adaptation of digital technologies for change, drives innovation, growth and competitiveness. The UAE is demonstrating a shift from an “oil needle” economy model to a diversified economy. The UAE’s entry into BRICS+ last year makes the experience of managing economic modernization useful and interesting for BRICS+ commodity-based economies, including Russia. The introduction of digital technologies into corporate functions to make significant changes to organizational processes and business models in the global business environment is a major development in economic management. It is not just a technological revolution; it has changed the way organizations operate and requires people to respond. The political driver of globalization is the adoption of digital technologies by companies seeking to expand. The purpose of this paper is to examine the experience of managing economic modernization through digital transformation methods, the relevance for the UAE as a diverse economy and recommendations for using it to stimulate global business in the UAE and other BRICS+ countries.

Key words: digital transformation, global economy, economic modernization management, UAE, BRICS+.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.021

N.A. NIKITIN Postgraduate Student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia; Chief Specialist, Department for International Cooperation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN NATO CYBERSPACE POLICY

Today, in the context of the rapid development of technologies that fully affect all aspects of human life, the concept of «cyberspace» is becoming increasingly important. Being one of the key components of the system of international relations and world politics, cyberspace is becoming a fundamentally new arena for interstate interaction and regulation, as well as fierce confrontation. The article analyzes the transformation of NATO's policy in cyberspace, viewed in the context of increasing global turbulence and technological challenges. The study identifies three key stages in the evolution of the alliance's strategy, reflecting the transition from fragmented measures to the systemic militarization of cyberspace. At the first stage (late 1990s – 2006), cybersecurity was institutionalized within the framework of NATO. The Prague (2002) and Riga (2006) summits consolidated cyber threats on the alliance's agenda, and the creation of the Cyber Incident Response System (NCIRC) marked the transition from national measures to supranational coordination. The second stage (2007-2014) was characterized by a crisis response to large-scale attacks (Estonia, 2007; Georgia, 2008; Ukraine, 2014), which accelerated the development of strategic documents, including the 2010 Concept. The establishment of the Cyber Center in Tallinn (2008) confirmed the growing role of cyberspace in hybrid conflicts. The third stage (2014 – present) was marked by the recognition of cyberspace as the "fifth area of operations" (Warsaw Summit, 2016) and the development of offensive capabilities. The integration of cyber forces into the NATO command structure and the introduction of the concept of multi-domain operations (MDO) reflect the militarization of the digital environment. The study demonstrates that the evolution of NATO's approaches is determined by technological and geopolitical factors. However, problems remain with attribution of attacks, legal regulation, and the balance between defense and offensive operations. In the future, the development of the alliance's cyber strategy will require clarifying the criteria for applying Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty and harmonizing national and supranational security mechanisms.

Key words: NATO, cybersphere, cybersecurity, ICT, information security, cyberdefense, cyberattack, cyberaggression.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.022

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor at the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

V.N. VORONOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor at the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Yu.A. BUKHAROVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Lecturer at the Peter the Great Strategic Missile Forces Military Academy, Moscow, Russia

GEO-SPATIAL MODELS IN ORGANIZATIONAL METHODOLOGY BORDER SPACE

In the proposed article, the author conducts a scientific analysis of the classification of geopolitical concepts and models in the organization of the border area, which are considered as an element of a system of common processes characterizing the modern political landscape of interstate relations. The author touches upon the elements of geopolitical models, which are considered within the framework of the subject-object relations of the geopolitical process.

Key words: border space, geospatial model, models of world centers, geopolitical macrostructures, border spaces in their own sense, models of spaces of geopolitical instability.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.023

D.V. FATKHULLINA Applicant for the degree of candidate of political sciences, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

“SOFT POWER” IN BAHRAIN’S POLICY: FEATURES OF THE TACTICS OF A SMALL COUNTRY IN THE REGION

In the modern world, states can no longer rely solely on military power and economic resources to achieve their foreign policy objectives. The concept of "soft power," introduced by Joseph Nye, is becoming increasingly significant. According to this concept, a state's influence is based not on coercion but on attraction and persuasion. The key elements of soft power include culture, political values, and foreign policy, which help shape a country's positive image on the international stage.

Bahrain, a small island nation in the Persian Gulf, actively employs soft power to strengthen its regional and global standing. Despite its limited natural resources, the kingdom has successfully developed international cooperation, promoted its culture and traditions, and participated in global initiatives, allowing it to cultivate an image of a modern, open, and sustainable state.

Bahrain’s soft power strategy places special emphasis on cultural diplomacy, hosting international events, developing tourism, educational programs, and media. For instance, initiatives such as the annual Bahrain Grand Prix (Formula 1), cultural and arts festivals, and partnerships with leading global universities attract international attention and strengthen ties with partners. Additionally, Bahrain actively participates in peacekeeping missions and humanitarian projects, reinforcing its perception as a responsible actor in international relations.

Key words: Bahrain, Qatar, soft power, international relations, global initiatives, sustainable state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.024

N.V. SHAKHMIN Teacher of history and social studies at the MES TMES № 14, Тiraspol, Pridnestrovie, Moldova

THE EURASIAN UNION: FROM THE PROJECT TO NEW HEIGHTS

This article analyzes some of the geopolitical and institutional conditions of the existence of the Eurasian Union. The author focuses on the intersection of the interests of Turkey, the United States, and China, and on the need to develop a comprehensive development strategy for the EAEU as a whole, as well as to develop the use of "soft power" to promote foreign policy interests more closely.

Key words: Eurasian strategy, «soft power», the EAEU, the Eurasian process.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.025

E.D. YURCHENKO Lecturer at the School of Social and Political Sciences, postgraduate, Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russia

V.V. KICHENKO Candidate for a master's degree at the School of Social and Political Sciences, Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russia

CHINESE TOURISM AS A DRIVER OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN THE KHABAROVSK REGION

The article examines the role of Chinese tourism as a tool of public diplomacy in the Khabarovsk Krai. The authors analyze the impact of tourism on shaping a positive image of the region, strengthening international ties, and fostering intercultural dialogue between Russia and China. The study presents a SWOT analysis of the tourism potential of the Khabarovsk Krai, highlighting key areas such as ecological, industrial, and ethno-cultural tourism, as well as measures taken by local authorities to enhance the region's appeal. The article emphasizes the significance of the Khabarovsk Krai as a strategic hub for Russian-Chinese cooperation and explores prospects for further development of public diplomacy through the tourism sector.

Key words: public diplomacy, international tourism, soft power, image, Khabarovsk Kari, Chinese tourism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.026

S.V. MLADENOV Postgraduate student of the Department of International Relations, World Politics and Diplomacy of the Institute of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Russia, Kazan

SOCIAL CONSERVATISM AS A СOMPONENT OF FIDESZ PARTY'S POLICIES AND IDEOLOGY IN HUNGARY SINCE 2010

This study examines the role of social conservatism in the ideology and policies of Hungary's Fidesz party since 2010. Social conservatism is analyzed as an ideology focused on protecting traditional values such as family, religion, and morality, while opposing progressive political movements like LGBT activism (organization recognized as extremist in the Russian Federation) and abortion rights. The author investigates the ideological foundations of Fidesz under Viktor Orbán's leadership, which are rooted in right-wing political principles. The research also compares Fidesz's social conservatism with theoretical approaches to this ideology, determining which specific type of social conservatism characterizes the Hungarian party's activities. In conclusion, the study finds that while Viktor Orbán's policies do not fully align with radical forms of social conservatism, they nevertheless play a significant role in shaping Fidesz's political decisions and governmental actions since 2010.

Key words: social conservatism, Fidesz, Viktor Orbán, Hungary.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.027

A.A. SHAIMARDANOV PhD Student Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

INSTITUTIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON PUBLIC GOVERNANCE IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

The article examines the institutional and functional impact of digitalization on public governance in African countries. Digital transformation is considered as a multidimensional process that affects not only infrastructure but also the mechanisms of interaction between the state and citizens. Three integral indices of digital development are proposed – the Digital State Infrastructure Index (DSII), the Civic-Tech Responsiveness Index (CTRI), and the Digital Service Equity Index (DSEI), which reflect, respectively, infrastructure readiness, citizen engagement, and inclusiveness of digital services. A cluster analysis of African countries was conducted, allowing the identification of groups of "leaders," "catching-up countries," and "laggards." For each cluster, scenarios of state-citizen interaction were modeled using agent-based modeling (Mesa, Python). The results show that successful digitalization requires not only technological development but also the adaptation of institutional environments. The findings highlight the necessity of a differentiated approach to digital strategies for African countries, depending on their level of development.

Key words: digitalization, public governance, Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, GovTech, e-government, agent-based modeling, digital infrastructure, civic technologies, institutional changes, functional processes, digital public services, citizen digital engagement, digital identification, startups.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.69.4.028

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION (SCO): MAIN ACTIVITIES PART THREE

In the third part of the article, based on an analytical review of publications by Russian and foreign authors in recent years, the author of the review attempts to comprehensively study the main areas of activity of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Particular attention is paid to the activities of the SCO as an instrument of foreign policy and mutually beneficial cooperation between Russia and China. The author of the article emphasizes the main problems of the development of the international organization and gives forecast characteristics for some aspects of the main areas of cooperation of the member countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The first and second parts of the article were published in the April issues of the journals "Problems of National and Federal Relations" and "Problems of Political Science".

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Eurasian integration, analytical review of publications, comprehensive study, main areas of activity, foreign policy instrument, Russia, China.

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