№ 5 (58), 2024

Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 13, Issue 5 (58), 2024

CONTENTS

POLICY ISSUES

Zalysin I.Yu., Startseva S.G. Modern Terrorism: Specifics, Dynamics, Trends
Ivashchenko Z.S., Vasilchenko O.V., Grigoryan D.K. Historical-Comparative Analysis of the Activities of the ‘Russian Liberation Army’ and its Modern Terrorist Followers: the ‘Russian Volunteer Corps’ and the ‘Freedom of Russia’ Legion
Comertsov V.V., Grigoryan D.K. To the Question of the Causes of the Rise of Neo-Nazism in Ukraine: the Role of Leaders and Elites
Rebrov A.I. The Influence of Local Identity on the Effectiveness of Political Mobilization (Part Two)
Tovsultanov R.A., Tovsultanova M.Sh., Galimova L.N. Policy of Tsarism in Chechnya in the Middle of the XIX Century
Chertoroev D.A. Socially Significant Internet Space as the Next Stage of Digitalization of Interaction Between the State and Society
Grishin O.E., Papiashvili G.D. Cinema and National Identity in the Context of Danish Short Films of the Post-War Era
Nesterenkova V.D., Grigoryan D.K. Double Standards in Sport: Role of Elites

ECONOMICAL ISSUES

Novoselsky S.O., Vasyukova V.A., Marukhlenko A.L., Zolkin A.L., Sverdlikova E.A. Human Capital Management at Regional and Corporate Levels
Novoselsky S.O., Vernigor A.V., Minina A.N., Zyuskin A.A., Pivovarova A.D. Investment Attractiveness of the City in Conditions of Instability
Sorochenko V.V., Varnakova Yu.N., Svishchev D.N. The Civilizational Factor of Russia's Development is Micro-Precision Management of the Social Economy
Tumasheva M.V., Shleenko A.V., Zolkin A.L., Novoselsky S.O., Lvova E.E. Investment Climate of the Territory and its Assessment
Kazarinova A.M. ESG Development or "Green Camo": Responsible Business Development Trends in Russia and the World in New Conditions
Haixuan Wang, Shuvalova N.A. The Interest in E-Commerce and the Rise of E-Commerce

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Amelchenko A.Ya. Military-Political and Economic Cooperation Between Russia and China with the Central Asian States. Regional Cooperation or Confrontation?
Surma I.V. NATO's Military Dominance Strategy Based on the Development of Artificial Intelligence Capabilities
Biryukov S.A. China as a Competitor to the USA for Leadership in the Modern System of International Relations
Vidiaev G.S. Food Security in the World: FAO's Role in Addressing Global Challenges
Karpova S.I., Polezhaykina E.V., Rodionova D.S. Public Diplomacy as a Tool of Soft Power: the Experience of Russia and the USA
Manukyan A.R. Organizational and Legal Foundations of Dual Educational Programs of Russia and China
Stasiulis D.V. Strategic Communication in Contemporary EU and NATO Policy
Zhao Lei. Cooperation in the Field of Cyber Security and Combating Cyber Terrorism within the Framework of the SCO
Kirillov A.S. The Evolution of Russia's Foreign Policy Approaches in the Arctic Region
Shiriyazdanova I.F., Muhammad Duymaz. Challenges and Opportunities for Energy Security in Russia's Foreign Policy after 2014

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

Medvedev N.P. Migration Policy of Sovereign States: Formation of Modern Models

CONFERENCES

Syzdykova Zh.S. Intercultural Communications on the Silk Road: History and Modernity

POLICY ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.001

I.YU. ZALYSIN Doctor of political sciences, professor of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

S.G. STARTSEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

MODERN TERRORISM: SPECIFICS, DYNAMICS, TRENDS

The article analyzes the processes and phenomena of recent times that characterize modern terrorism. It is noted that, despite a slight reduction in the number of terrorist attacks, the lethality of terrorism is increasing. There is a movement of the epicenter of terrorist activity from Western Asia and Afghanistan to the Sahel region. Particular attention is paid to the situation in Central Asia, which has an impact on the security of the Russian Federation. The work also examines the trend towards the intensification of terrorism. It manifests itself in the fact that the number of terrorist attacks is decreasing; they are carried out by fewer groups, but with a larger number of victims.

Key words: terrorism, terrorist attacks, causes of terrorism, security, armed conflicts, terrorist organizations, Islamic State (1).

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.002

Z.S. IVASHCHENKO Master's student of the department Political Science and Ethno-politics Department, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

O.V. VASILCHENKO Master's student of the department Political science and ethnopolitics RANEKh and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of political sciences, professor of the department Political Science and Ethnopolitics Department of the Russian Academy of National Economy and State Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, candidate of legal sciences, head of the department information support of internal affairs Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

HISTORICAL-COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ‘RUSSIAN LIBERATION ARMY’ AND ITS MODERN TERRORIST FOLLOWERS: THE ‘RUSSIAN VOLUNTEER CORPS’ AND THE ‘FREEDOM OF RUSSIA’ LEGION

In every historically significant military conflict among the population of the opposing sides there were individuals who did not share the policy of their own state. Adherents of opposition ideas united in separate movements from the state troops, thus demonstrating their own disagreement with the goals of the country's Armed Forces.

The purpose of the study is to examine the historical regularity of the existence of opposition paramilitary formations, which are a specific reaction of radicalized associations to the acute political situation in the state.

In order to achieve the stated goal, the following tasks were set before the study:

1. To study the nature, goals and historical fate of the paramilitary formation of the times of the Great Patriotic War – the Russian Liberation Army of General Vlasov.

2. To study the biography and consider the ideas of the main leaders of modern illegal associations.

3. To study the goals, ideas and structure of the opposition radical formations – Legion “Free Russia” and “Russian Volunteer Corps”.

4. To consider the consequences of sabotage activities of paramilitary formations in the course of military operations on the Russian-Ukrainian borders and directly on the territory of Russia.

5. To determine the common beginnings and reasons for the emergence of opposition paramilitary formations.

In the course of the study used general scientific methods such as comparison, analysis synthesis and others. Such special methods as document analysis, biographical, statistical, sociological and other methods were also used.

The study revealed a specific historical parallel between the opposition military associations of the present and the times of the Great Patriotic War. On the examples of the Russian Liberation Army of General Vlasov (1942-1944) and two similar in character existing at the moment associations of the Russian Volunteer Corps and the Legion “Free Russia” the negative social phenomenon is seen – a fierce reaction of society to the existing political situation of the state, which is followed by unification in opposition formations of paramilitary type.

Key words: opposition associations, special military operation, sabotage, the Great Patriotic War.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.003

V.V. COMERTSOV Senior lecturer of the department information support of internal affairs Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, professor of the department Political Science and Ethno-politics Department of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

TO THE QUESTION OF THE CAUSES OF THE RISE OF NEO-NAZISM IN UKRAINE: THE ROLE OF LEADERS AND ELITES

The presented research is devoted to the reasons for the rise of neo-Nazism in Ukraine. The paper gives an interpretation of possible reasons causing the rise in popularity of neo-Nazi ideas in Ukraine.

The purpose of the study is to examine the reasons for the introduction of neo-Nazi ideas into the public consciousness of Ukrainian citizens, as well as to determine the conditions that contribute to the strengthening of these ideas in the form of near-state ideology.

In order to achieve the stated goal, the following tasks were set before the study:

1) To study the essence, goals and primary sources of neo-Nazi ideas;

2) To conduct a historical analysis of the activities of the organization of Ukrainian nationalists;

3) To determine the signs of the spread of neo-Nazi ideas in modern Ukraine;

4) To consider the reflection of neo-Nazi ideas on the examples of educational programs of Ukrainian educational institutions;

5) To determine the common beginnings and reasons for the wide spread of neo-Nazism in Ukraine at the present stage.

In the course of the study were used general scientific methods such as comparison, analysis synthesis and others. Special methods – document analysis, biographical, statistical, sociological and other methods were also used.

The study revealed a specific historical parallel between the organization of Ukrainian nationalists in 1929 and the modern movement of neo-Nazis in Ukraine. Real precedents of destructive clashes between Ukrainian neo-Nazis and representatives of certain nations have been considered. The influence of the Government, state mass media, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine on the strengthening of neo-Nazi ideas in the minds of Ukrainian citizens is studied. The reasons and conditions for the spread of neo-Nazi ideas were identified: the pronounced resentment of Ukrainians towards Russians, the glorification of collaborators of the Great Patriotic War, the weakness of the Ukrainian regime and its lack of political will to combat the spread of these ideas in society.

Key words: neo-Nazism, Ukraine, resentiment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.004

A.I. REBROV Post-graduate student of ION RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL IDENTITY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLITICAL MOBILIZATION (PART TWO)

The article presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between local political identity and the process of political mobilization. We have verified the hypothesis set out in the first part of our work, according to which local identity has a positive effect on the effectiveness of the process of political mobilization. Using an online panel survey of 7,330 respondents, we examine the relationship between the ways in which respondents describe their city of residence and its residents with the frequency of participation in various types of collective action.

Key words: political identity, local identity, political mobilization, collective action.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.005

R.A. TOVSULTANOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of the Chechen State University named after A.A. Kadyrov, Grozny, Russia

M.Sh. TOVSULTANOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Foreign Languages of the Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russia

L.N. GALIMOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of sGN-1 "History" of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman (National Research University), Moscow, Russia

POLICY OF TSARISM IN CHECHNYA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XIX CENTURY

The scientific article analyzes the specifics of the struggle of the highlanders of the North-Eastern Caucasus against the establishment of tsarist power in the region. A significant part of the inhabitants of Chechnya, including influential representatives of the Chechen people, at that time supported the pro-Russian authorities in every possible way. It is emphasized that the residents of Chechnya, the supporters of Imam Shamil among the people, among other things, were significantly influenced by economic reasons (i.e. the implementation of trade turnover), active stimulation of the voluntary transition of Chechens to the side of the Russian Empire. As a result, hundreds of Chechen families voluntarily began to move to the lands assigned to them, swearing allegiance to the Russian throne. There was also the Kunta Haji doctrine, which called for reconciliation with Russia. As a result, by the end of 1857, Chechnya was fully integrated into the Russian Empire.

Key words: Russia, Chechnya, Imam Shamil, war, pro-Russian mood, integration of the Chechen people, oath of allegiance to the Russian throne.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.006

D.A. CHERTOROEV Postgraduate student of the Ufa University of Science and Technology Ufa, Russia

SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT INTERNET SPACE AS THE NEXT STAGE OF DIGITALIZATION OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE STATE AND SOCIETY

Modern technologically advanced states take into account the Internet as an integral element of their information policy. The interaction of the state and society with the significant spread of the Internet in the state inevitably goes through a stage of digitalization, when citizens of such a state become available to interact with authorities and other state institutions through Internet information resources in the form of submitting applications, appeals, petitions, demands, as well as in the form of obtaining necessary information and services from public authorities the authorities. Interaction through such resources is equivalent to official communication between political and administrative actors and stakeholders. The totality of such resources becomes an integral element of the exercise of state power and an instrument for meeting public demands, thereby becoming socially significant and critical in the context of the implementation of political tradition in the state. For the correct functioning of a socially significant Internet space, certain conditions and compliance with certain requirements on the part of both society and the state are necessary, including the availability of a regulatory legal framework, user identification, a high level of security and the direct participation of the state itself in the formation of such a space. A socially significant Internet space as a separate segment of the Internet may have its own internal rules of use and limited access, for example, only for persons with citizenship. Such advanced mechanisms of digital interaction between the state and society make it possible to multiply the efficiency of government agencies and services, reduce associated costs and increase the level of social satisfaction.

Key words: interaction, network, Internet, tradition, identification, socially significant, space, bodies, authorities, digitalization, public, request, tasks, appeal, anonymity, petition, elections, electorate, democracy, communication.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.007

O.E. GRISHIN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

G.D. PAPIASHVILI Master's student of the Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia

CINEMA AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF DANISH SHORT FILMS OF THE POST-WAR ERA

The article analyzes Danish cinema in the post-war period and its influence on the process of formation of national identity. Particular influence is given to the analysis of five short films produced with government support.

Key words: national identity, cinema, World War II, Denmark.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.008

V.D. NESTERENKOVA Master's student of the department Political science and ethnopolitics RANEKh and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the department Political Science and Ethno-politics Department, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, under the President of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Legal Sciences, head of the department Department of Information Support of Internal Affairs Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

DOUBLE STANDARDS IN SPORT: ROLE OF ELITES

The article discusses the issue of the emergence of doping, as well as give examples of Russian athletes who have been involved in doping scandals. The policy of double standards in the Olympic Games and other world and European level competitions, the impact of this policy on the lives and results of athletes is described in detail. The legality of the participation of transgender athletes in women's competitions is considered. The article describes in detail the sports careers of people who have experienced the consequences of unfounded accusations of doping, and also examines such an innovation in Russian sports as the "Games of the Future" – representing an alternative to the Olympic Games. The purpose of the scientific article is to develop proposals for the exclusion of doping substances during the Olympic Games, which is achieved by solving certain tasks of studying the historical formation of the introduction of doping at the Olympic Games, considering the harmful and destructive nature of harmful doping substances, considering actual examples of the negative impact of doping on the outcome of competitions and international games, practical application of the developed methods of combating with the anti-doping of international and national organizations. When writing an article, performing tasks to achieve this goal, the following scientific methods are used: analysis, the process examines the use of doping since the beginning of the development of the Olympic Games in Greece, also analyzes and is supported by practical examples of the use of doping in modern times. Comparison, identification of the past and the present takes place in order to understand the fundamental changes in the use of doping substances. The deductive method consists in describing the use of doping in general, gradually turning into consequences for the games and the person himself. The result of the written article is a proposal for the creation by international and national anti-doping organizations of regulations and prohibitions on the use of such substances.

The conclusion is the possibility of an honest and fair fight in competitions without doping.

Key words: doping, professional sports, Olympic Games, the price of victory, physical activity, double standards.

ECONOMICAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.009

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

V.A. VASYUKOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Nevinnomyssk State Humanitarian and Technical Institute, Nevinomyssk, Russia

A.L. MARUKHLENKO Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Information Security, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

A.L. ZOLKIN Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (PGUTY), Samara, Russia

E.A. SVERDLIKOVA Ph.D. in Philosophy, Associate Professor Economic Sociology and Management Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AT REGIONAL AND CORPORATE LEVELS

Introduction: the article discusses the theoretical and methodological aspects of human capital management at the regional and corporate levels, revealing a set of common and distinctive characteristics in this mechanism. A reasonable conclusion is made about the presence of a close correlation between the targets of regional and corporate management in this matter, which requires the development of general tools to improve the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of human capital. Obtaining maximum positive results from corporate management in the wake of human capital management is not possible without an effective regional policy that generates a number of socio-economic and demographic effects.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the features of human capital management at the regional and corporate levels. The article solves the following problems:

– clarify the essence of human capital from the perspective of regional and corporate management;

– to form conceptual models of human capital management from the position of corporate and regional management;

– present a basic set of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of human capital management at the regional and corporate levels.

Research results: the team of authors clarified the theoretical and methodological aspects of human capital management, taking into account the specifics of regional and corporate management, which are expressed in the formation of conceptual models of target impact based on a comparative analysis of similarities and differences in a number of relevant parameters.

Key words: human capital, regional management, corporate management, management, performance indicators.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.010

A.V. VERNIGOR Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Mechanization FSBEI HE «Smolensk State Agricultural Academy», Smolensk, Russia

A.N. MININA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Mechanization FSBEI HE «Smolensk State Agricultural Academy», Smolensk, Russia

A.A. ZYUSKIN Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Production Management FSBEI HE «Smolensk State Agricultural Academy», Smolensk, Russia

A.D. PIVOVAROVA Student of the Department of Finance, Accounting and Economic Security Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE CITY IN CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY

Introduction: the article presents theoretical and practical aspects of assessing the investment attractiveness of a city in conditions of macroeconomic turbulence and geopolitical challenges. The investment attractiveness of a territory is the most important object of management by local governments, since a high-quality solution to this problem allows generating a wide range of relevant socio-economic effects. Investment attractiveness is a complex of factors that objectively exist and are formed by the active position of local governments, contributing to the systemic growth of investment activity across the socio-economic space of the territory. The presence of a favorable investment climate acts as a factor in the progressive development of the socio-economic system of the municipality due to the expansion of production potential, the emergence of opportunities for technological transformations, increased entrepreneurial activity, scaling of commercial infrastructure, increased social investment and increased demand in the labor market. A comprehensive synthesis of the results of analytical diagnostics forms an objective opinion among potential investors regarding the advisability of investing in the socio-economic space of the territory. In this regard, representatives of municipal management must make significant efforts for the systematic growth of key indicators of a quantitative and qualitative nature, reflecting the level of investment attractiveness of the territory. Thus, investment attractiveness is an objective result of the management activities of municipal authorities, which ensures the attraction of corporate and private investments to form a progressive track of socio-economic development.

Goal and objectives: the purpose of the work is to clarify the relevance and conduct a practical assessment of the investment attractiveness of the city under the existing socio-economic conditions. Achieving the set goal occurs as a result of solving the following tasks:

– clarify the theoretical significance of investment attractiveness in the city management system;

– carry out diagnostics of fundamental indicators of socio-economic development of the city of Kursk;

– summarize the results of assessing the development of the urban socio-economic space in the vector of creating a favorable investment climate.

Research results: the team of authors carried out a comprehensive diagnosis of the socio-economic development of the city of Kursk, which makes it possible to form an objective and reliable information base for assessing the investment attractiveness of the territory.

Key words: investment attractiveness, investment climate, investment activity, city of Kursk, city management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.011

V.V. SOROCHENKO Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Management, University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia

YU.N. VARNAKOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Management, University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia

D.N. SVISHCHEV Candidate of pedagogical sciences, Chairman of the State Duma Committee of the Russian Federation in physical education and sports, Moscow, Russia

THE CIVILIZATIONAL FACTOR OF RUSSIA'S DEVELOPMENT IS MICRO-PRECISION MANAGEMENT OF THE SOCIAL ECONOMY

Introduction. Exploring the micro-precision management of the social economy as a civilizational factor in the development of Russia, the philosophy, concept and strategy of micro-precision management of the social economy, the policy of the new social economy, based on the preservation and development of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values based on the principles of patriotism, human priority, social justice and equality of opportunity, including through the digital transformation of the economy and social sphere, implemented through national projects of the Russian Federation. Micro-current management of the social economy is based on the idea of discreteness of micro-current changes in the social environment through controlled micro-impulse influence on the behavior of individuals, society as a whole, and, as a result, on the country's economy as a whole. The following can be mentioned as important advantages of micro-precision management of the social economy: high accuracy, high efficiency, procedural flexibility. Since the regulatory-discrete functions of the social economy have a multitasking horizon of socio-economic events, there is a need to use directional-restrictive principles of social economy management, among which it is proposed to include: relevance, predictability, verifiability of hypotheses, manageability. Considering the development of social economics as a science, explaining the basic problems and patterns of relations between an individual or a group of people with modern society, through the theoretical foundations of micro-precision management of the social economy, it becomes possible to apply the latter, through the projection of the conditions of socio-economic development of modern society, as a developing component of economic theory.

Purpose and objectives. The main purpose of the study of micro-precision management of the social economy as a civilizational factor in the development of Russia was to establish a link between various economic theories and social economics and to propose an effective tool for its implementation at the social level complementing the social economy. At the same time, basic tasks have developed that allow using micro-precision management of the social economy: a) to form the civilizational horizon of Russia; b) progressively, discretely, evolutionarily and purposefully influence the formation of public opinion, managing social processes, the development of the social environment; c) form, develop and instrumentally accompany migration processes, labor resources and labor potential of society within the framework of demographic policy; d) effectively manage the social environment and the economy of regions and the country as a whole.

Research result. As a result of the study of social economy as a subject of general economic theory, the importance of supplementing the conceptual scheme of the formation and development of the social economy with such a tool as micro-precise management of the social economy was determined, the practical application of which can allow not only the development of economic theory, but also the development of a complex of critically small, but synergistically measures that are effective in influencing various aspects of the social economy and social environment in order to achieve specific socio-economic results or change social phenomena in a strategic perspective.

Key words: social economy, social controlling, socio-economic policy, micro-precision management of the social economy, digitalization of the social economy, modeling of the social environment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.012

M.V. TUMASHEVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University», Kazan, Russia

A.V. SHLEENKO Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

E.E. LVOVA Bachelor Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Russia

INVESTMENT CLIMATE OF THE TERRITORY AND ITS ASSESSMENT

Introduction: the work clarifies certain theoretical and methodological aspects of assessing the investment climate, and also diagnoses the severity of its components using the example of the city of Kazan. Given the current geopolitical situation, the formation of a favorable investment climate is of strategic importance from the point of view of ensuring economic growth and expanding the social potential of the territory. Achieving a nationwide positive investment climate is a synergistic result of increasing the level of favorable investment space for each territory separately. In this regard, regional and municipal authorities should pay significant attention to the problems of managing the investment climate in order to increase investment activity in the controlled socio-economic space. Solving this problem is largely complicated by sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries, which degrades the potential of foreign investment. Thus, the search for internal reserves for intensifying investment processes comes to the fore by creating a comfortable administrative and managerial environment in relation to existing and potential subjects of investment activity.

Goal and objectives: the goal of the work is to assess the investment climate of a specific territory based on the selected methodological tools. The objectives of the article include the following provisions:

– justify the relevance of proactive management of the investment climate in conditions of geopolitical turbulence;

– to clarify the methodological tools for diagnosing the investment climate of the territory, taking into account the identification of focal management points;

– analyze the investment climate of the city of Kazan.

Research results: the team of authors presented the results of assessing the investment climate of the city of Kazan based on the established current methodology. The results of the analytical diagnostics performed allow us to conclude that there is a favorable investment climate in the managerial, administrative and socio-economic spaces of the city of Kazan.

Key words: investments, investment climate, investment activity, investment subjects, investment potential, territorial development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.013

A.M. KAZARINOVA Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ESG DEVELOPMENT OR "GREEN CAMO": RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN RUSSIA AND THE WORLD IN NEW CONDITIONS

The global economy is undergoing a global transition to business standards based on ESG principles – a new stage in the development of the concept of social responsibility. At the same time, investments in the ESG sphere create some restrictions for businesses, which in the new conditions are trying to reduce costs and only create an image of a responsible business, resorting to the so-called greenwashing. In the context of increasing risks for the economy, the risks of nominal and decorative adherence to the ESG agenda are also aggravated, which, in turn, creates long-term problems for the entire society.

Key words: ESG agenda, greenwashing, green camouflage, business responsibility, responsible development, sustainable development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.014

HAIXUAN WANG Master RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

N.A. SHUVALOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

THE INTEREST IN E-COMMERCE AND THE RISE OF E-COMMERCE

E-commerce has become an indispensable part of today's business activities, and with the changing times, interest-based e-commerce is gradually emerging as a new form. This article conducts in-depth research and analysis on the evolution and current situation of e-commerce, the rise and impact of interest-based e-commerce, the business models and operational strategies of interest-based e-commerce, as well as the technological innovation and risk challenges of interest-based e-commerce, revealing the development trends and commercial potential of interest-based e-commerce. The study found that interest-based e-commerce has unique advantages in meeting personalized consumer needs, enhancing user experience, and expanding market space, and has a positive impact on traditional e-commerce models. In addition, the innovative business models and operational strategies of interest-based e-commerce have injected new vitality into the e-commerce industry, while also facing technological innovation and risk challenges. This research provides valuable references for understanding the development trends of interest-based e-commerce, exploring its business models and operational strategies, and addressing its technological innovation and risk challenges, and is of great theoretical and practical significance for promoting the sustainable development of the e-commerce industry.

Key words: E-commerce, Interest-based E-commerce, Rise, Business Model, Technological Innovation.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.015

A.YA. AMELCHENKO Student, Faculty of Foreign regional studies NAO HE «V.V. Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations», Moscow, Russia

MILITARY-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA WITH THE CENTRAL ASIAN STATES. REGIONAL COOPERATION OR CONFRONTATION?

At present day, that Russia is forced to pursue a special military operation to demilitarize and denazify Ukraine, actively supported by the NATO forces, and its eastern part, in particular, the forces of the collective West are not asleep on the fields of the Central Asian region, striving with all their might to destabilize the former Soviet republics of Central Asia, which broke up into five independent states. In the very heart of the region, rebellious Afghanistan languishes, in which power was seized by the «Taliban» in August 2021, according to some reports, cooperating with ISIS units. Against the background of the shaky foreign policy situation around Russia in the region of Central Asia, the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Defense of China, as well as numerous corporations, are gaining momentum, highly interested in entering new geopolitical frontiers, giving China the opportunity to increase influence on the Eurasian continent, which, however, contradicts Russia's foreign policy interests. Will Russia and China, which are actively extrapolating their power to the Central Asian region, be able to cooperate in parallel in several directions, or will the strategic partnership develop into a hidden rivalry?

Key words: Russia, China, Central Asia, agreement, cooperation, exercises, Taliban, projects, weapons.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.016

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of the National Association for International Information Security, Associate Professor of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

NATO'S MILITARY DOMINANCE STRATEGY BASED ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITIES

The article considers the Euro-Atlantic Alliance's strategy in the field of artificial intelligence. It is shown that this technology is becoming fundamental and will further influence the entire range of key areas of the North Atlantic Alliance, so the current NATO Strategy in the field of artificial intelligence includes the areas of data analysis, imagery and cyber defense. The experience of the NATO bloc and key documents are analyzed, emphasizing that Alliance governments have expressed their commitment to the principles of responsible use as one of the most important components of the NATO Strategy for Artificial Intelligence and that AI applications must comply with six basic principles. The Strategy notes that a shared commitment to these principles can provide practical benefits to NATO, as the document provides a common framework for the design and development of artificial intelligence applications by NATO Member States, while ensuring operational coherence. Thus, the Strategy notes that NATO can foster the necessary linkages between technological and physical security, responsible use, and interoperability.

The author concludes that at the present stage, NATO member states and partners of the North Atlantic Alliance, as well as the largest American technology corporations put the issues of benefits here and now in the geopolitical arena higher than potential threats to international information security in the relatively near future, developing and providing modern high-tech solutions based on artificial intelligence.

Key words: NATO, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, NATO AI Strategy, deep technology, Project DIANA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.017

S.A. BIRYUKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of International Relations and Humanitarian Cooperation, Siberian Institute of Management – Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia

CHINA AS A COMPETITOR TO THE USA FOR LEADERSHIP IN THE MODERN SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The article examines the current process of deglobalization as a phenomenon of rebalancing political forces on the world stage, in particular between the United States and China. The purpose of the study is to assess the likelihood of China's emergence as a new leader in the system of international relations against the backdrop of its competition with the United States of America. The research method is a comparative review and critical analysis of current political events in the modern system of international relations, the global agenda with crises and regional conflicts, against the backdrop of worsening bilateral relations between Beijing and Washington. As a result of global challenges, such as regional conflicts and the consequences of the global lockdown due to COVID-19, the modern architecture of international relations is being rebuilt. The author examines the process of deglobalization as a factor influencing the emergence of a bipolar world order modeled on the USA and the USSR in the second half of the twentieth century; in the new realities, China appears in the place of the Soviet Union, as a power capable of competing almost on equal terms for global influence in global political processes. The author concludes that the conditions of deglobalization provide states with tools for promoting national interests and instruments of influence in the formation of a world order, and the likelihood of the formation of two overlapping international orders, each of which is relatively open internally, but relatively closed from the other, is high in the current turbulent environment of international relations.

Key words: world order, system, superpower, deglobalization, crisis, world balance of power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.018

G.S. VIDIAEV Postgraduate student at the Eastern Institute – School of Regional and International Studies at the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

FOOD SECURITY IN THE WORLD: FAO'S ROLE IN ADDRESSING GLOBAL CHALLENGES

In the last decades, the global food problem has faced challenges related to a sharp increase in prices for agricultural crops. This has led to the expansion of the food crisis in areas that previously did not show signs of food shortages, especially in regions with low income levels. These changes in prices have triggered economic and social tensions, which are exacerbated by inflation and poverty. There is a threat of a shortage of food production for the population and animals.

Based on this, the problem of food security acquires global significance, requiring priority attention and concentration of efforts from the global community. Specialized UN agencies, such as FAO, play an important role in addressing these issues.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) was created to combat the problem of hunger and agricultural development. The organization's main objectives include improving the quality of nutrition and life, increasing agricultural production, and saving humanity from hunger and malnutrition. FAO is the UN's main center for collecting and analyzing agricultural and nutrition statistics, and it cooperates with member states to improve the quality and coverage of data.

Key words: food security, international cooperation, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.019

S.I. KARPOVA Master's student, Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

E.V. POLEZHAYKINA Lecturer, Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

D.S. RODIONOVA Lecturer, Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AS A TOOL OF SOFT POWER: THE EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIA AND THE USA

The study looks at the role of public diplomacy as a tool of modern foreign policy, stressing the importance of communication with the public and the formation of a positive image of the country on the international stage. This research analyzes practices of using various channels and means of communication to create trust, establish a dialogue and strengthen diplomatic relation. The study also includes a comparison of the practices of two major states, which allows us to identify the features of the use of public diplomacy in achieving foreign policy goals.

Key words: public diplomacy, people's diplomacy, “soft power”, “smart power”.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.020

A.R. MANUKYAN Ph.D. in Political Science, Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Administration, School of Governance and Politics, MGIMO-University, Moscow, Russia

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF DUAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF RUSSIA AND CHINA

The scope of this article is related to understanding the problem of implementing joint educational programs with the participation of higher educational institutions of Russia and China. The purpose of the study is to understand the organizational and legal foundations of dual educational programs in Russia and China. The objectives of this study include consideration of issues related to the structural and organizational features of dual educational programs in Russia and China; determination of the strategic legal basis for the participation of the two countries in these programs.

The methodological basis for writing this article was a combined approach that allows us to consider the organizational and legal foundations of dual educational programs in Russia and China using general scientific research methods and special methods.

The result of this study was the substantiation that Russia and China are currently active participants in bilateral educational programs. As a result, China has achieved impressive success in this area, and Russia finds itself in the position of a country that has not fully formed its vision and its strategic priorities in this area of educational activity. In this regard, it is now necessary to determine a strategy for Russia’s participation in this area of educational activity.

Key words: education, dual programs, regulatory documents, organization, national interest, competition, intellectual capital, strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.021

D.V. STASIULIS Director of ANO "International Organization for Eurasian Cooperation", Moscow, Russia

STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION IN CONTEMPORARY EU AND NATO POLICY

It is shown that strategic communications technologies, as an element of modern EU and NATO policy, are designed to ensure the systematic formation of a positive image of NATO and the European Union for the international community and discredit their ideological opponents. It is noted that in recent years strategic communications have become an increasingly important and operational area of activity for the North Atlantic Alliance and the EU. At the same time, the EU borrowed from NATO's experience and revised the organizational structure of its "strategic communications". Using the example of strategic communication between NATO and the EU, the key conceptual features of this approach and the tools used within it are presented. It is shown that the model of strategic communications of NATO and, accordingly, the EU is based on the coordinated use of information and communication technologies to support foreign policy and active participation of NATO and the EU in the information space, using social media and various communication platforms, to conduct information operations and assess public opinion and media monitoring.

Key words: strategic communications, NATO, EU, geopolitical confrontation, Ukraine, NATO Doctrine, USA, East StratCom Task Force.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.022

ZHAO LEI Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Politics of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF CYBER SECURITY AND COMBATING CYBER TERRORISM WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SCO

This article examines the cooperation of member states within the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in protecting cybersecurity and combating cyberterrorism. The significance of the study lies in analysing the changes in the SCO's cybersecurity policy and exploring the organisation's special role in the fight against terrorism. In the context of globalisation and digitalisation, the topic of cyberspace has become one of the key topics for the SCO. The study concludes that the SCO's effectiveness in this area is hampered by factors such as the lack of intelligence sharing mechanisms, language barriers and technological development. Deepening intelligence and legal co-operation among member states is an inevitable measure to enhance the effectiveness of the SCO in preserving cyber security and combating cyber terrorism.

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, cyber security, cyber terrorism, cybercrime, cyberspace.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.023

A.S. KIRILLOV Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY APPROACHES IN THE ARCTIC REGION

The article examines the evolution of Russia's foreign policy approaches in the Arctic region. The author analyzes the main stages of the development of Russian foreign policy in the Arctic, identifies the key factors influencing the formation of these approaches, and evaluates their effectiveness. Special attention is paid to the current challenges and prospects of Russian foreign policy in the Arctic region in a changing geopolitical environment. The article also examines the prospects for the development of Russia's foreign policy in the Arctic and possible ways to solve existing problems. The article pays special attention to international cooperation in the Arctic region and the role of the Arctic Council in shaping Russia's foreign policy. In the face of climate change and melting ice, the Arctic may become a new sea route connecting Europe, Asia and America. This opens up new opportunities for the development of shipping, fishing and extraction of natural resources. However, the use of the Arctic's transport potential requires careful planning and coordination of efforts by all stakeholders.

Key words: Arctic, Arctic Council, geopolitics, Strategy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, Military doctrine of Russia, the Northern Sea Route.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.024

I.F. SHIRIYAZDANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Art. Rev. Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

MUHAMMAD DUYMAZ Master's student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY SECURITY IN RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY AFTER 2014

This article analyses Russia's energy security and dislocations in the context of geopolitical transformations and crises after 2014. After the crises and sanctions, Russia started to attach more importance to energy in its security strategy. This study elaborates on Russia's measures and objectives to diversify its energy exports and integrate into alternative markets. Specific importance is given to potency for energy cooperation and diplomatic initiatives that can strengthen Russian international presence in the energy sphere and shape its foreign policy in this direction. The article also highlights the main challenges and opportunities that Russia may face when conducting energy diplomacy and ensuring energy security in conditions of political volatility and sanctions.

Key words: energy security, energy diplomacy, Russia, foreign policy, energy policy, sanctions policy, sanctions.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.025

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

MIGRATION POLICY OF SOVEREIGN STATES: FORMATION OF MODERN MODELS

The review and analytical article attempts to analyze various aspects of the process of formation of various models of migration policy of sovereign states based on scientific publications of recent years, taking into account the norms of international law on the observance of human rights and freedoms. Examples of the authors' assessment of the process of formation of a new post-Soviet model of migration policy in the Russian Federation, the European Union and global cities of the world are given.

Key words: migration flows, state migration policy, sovereign state, human rights and freedoms, Russia, the European Union, global cities.

CONFERENCES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.58.5.026

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONS ON THE SILK ROAD: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

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№ 5 (58), 2024