№ 7 (60), 2024
Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 13, Issue 7 (60), 2024
CONTENTS
POLICY ISSUES
- Itiuridze L.A. Technologies for Developing Nations’ Civil and Political Competence
- Statsenko I.M. Party Competition as a Component of the Party System: Some Theoretical and Practical Considerations
ECONOMICAL ISSUES
- Trunov I.L. Use of Science and Innovation Potential for Commercial Purposes
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- Solodova G.S. On Geopolitics and the Construction of a Geographical Border
- Forostiannyi N.S., Temkina A.M. The Political Potential of the BRICS in the Transformation of the International Security System
- Vinogradova K.A. Prospects for Cooperation Between Russia and Turkey in the Energy Sector on the Example of Sinop NPP Construction
- Lyubina D.E., Khadzieva Dzennet. The Middle East Vector of Russia's Foreign Policy
- Suleymanov A.R. Decomposition of Models of Eurasian Integration in the Context of the Emerging Multipolar World
- Shitikova Ya.A. Data Revolution. China's Quest to Dominate the Fintech Industry
- Volovikov A.G. Status of States and its Significance in the System of International Relations
- Gromov M.A. European Rhetoric on the Spread of Democracy in Arab Countries Through the Implementation of Neighborhood Policy
- Kant T.V. "Soft Power" of Education as a Strategic Instrument of Influence in International Policy
PUBLICATION REVIEWS
- Medvedev V.N., Medvedev N.P. Jurisdictions and Powers of the Russian Federation and Subjects of the Russian Federation in the Context of Transformation of the Modern Model of Federalism
REVIEWS
- Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. On the Influence of Culture on Geopolitics and Political Geography (Afterword to the Article "On Geopolitics and the Construction of a Geographical Border" by Galina Sergeevna Solodova)
POLICY ISSUES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.001
L.A. ITIURIDZE Candidate of sociological sciences, associate professor of the ChUDPO "Education Center "Alma Mater", Moscow, Russia
TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING NATIONS’ CIVIL AND POLITICAL COMPETENCE
This article is devoted to technologies for the nations’ civil and political competence formation. The political competence of citizens is the most important foundation of any state. It includes civil culture as an understanding of the norms of behavior in society, attitudes towards institutions of power, laws and legal customs. The foundations of civic culture are laid in the first stages of educating very young citizens. However, this kind of education does not end there; modern practices require the organization of social education at all stages of life, combining citizenship education and education in terms of rapidly changing norms of behavior and law, which is mainly depend on technological progress.
The purpose of this article is an analysis of the developing civil and political competence of citizens practice in the Russian Federation and the recommendations for adjusting existing practices. To do this, the author analyzes foreign experience, existing courses and practices. The research methodology is based on a systems approach that considers the political structure as an organized set of elements, concepts and paradigms determined in the process of socio-historical evolution of national politics and the political system itself.
The author comes to the conclusion that our country has all the tools for developing the civil and political competence of the population, however, there is no comprehensive coverage, and a number of existing practices can be improved. For example, social education in domestic schools should go beyond civics lessons, developing the competence of young citizens through historical examples and the law.
Key words: political culture, civic culture, political competence, social education.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.002
I.M. STATSENKO Member of the Political Council Zheleznovodsk local branch of the «United Russia Party» Zheleznovodsk, Russia
PARTY COMPETITION AS A COMPONENT OF THE PARTY SYSTEM: SOME THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The article contains a political analysis regarding such a process, typical for the functioning of political parties, as party competition. It is considered as a subsystem process of general pathogenesis, party institutionalization and party functioning. On the basis of the theoretical concept of the systemic nature of parties and party systems of Y.G. Korgunyuk, the determinants and projections of party competition are considered. The objective needs of party competition within the modern Russian party system are actualized, as well as its problematic aspects are revealed. Possible directions of organizing party competition in the modern party system of the Russian Federation on the eve of elections to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Key words: party, party system, determinants of party competition, factors of party competition, elections.
ECONOMICAL ISSUES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.003
I.L. TRUNOV Doctor of Law, Professor, Candidate of Economics, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
USE OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION POTENTIAL FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES
Everyone knows that whoever controls technology controls the future. The world is changing, and in this fierce struggle, the winners will be those who have the main strategic resource – Intelligence and systems that create knowledge-intensive products. The important global problem, not new to Russia, is economic efficiency. The modern competitive market requires continuous innovation, robotics and artificial intelligence, and as a consequence of stable business-science interaction. High-tech business is characterized by high intensity of research and development costs, international cooperation, large share of employed employees with higher education, as well as higher innovation activity due to interaction with scientific institutions. The transformation of the scientific and technological complex into a driver of economic growth is underway, and not by chance, by the Presidential Decree 2022-2031. Russia has declared itself the 10th anniversary of science and technology.
This article analyzes the solution of issues of technological sovereignty, the creation of a competitive business capable of implementing scientific breakthrough technologies in the alliance of business and science.
Key words: strategic resources, knowledge-intensive technologies, economic stability, market competitiveness, economic leadership, economic policy, state Committee of the Russian Federation on science and technology, financing of science, scientific activity efficiency, Industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, strategy for the development of science and technology in Russia, world Innovation Club, level of funding of science, administrative barriers, transfer of technologies of innovation economy, Russian business, Anti-Russian sanctions, Industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.004
G.S. SOLODOVA Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
ON GEOPOLITICS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A GEOGRAPHICAL BORDER
The article attempts to consider the geographical location in socio-political and cultural-identification aspects. It is shown that the geographical boundary does not always have a significant natural and landscape basis, but it can partly be the result of a power-political decision. At the same time, acquiring legitimacy, the introduced concept already builds itself, constructs a border, but now a cultural one.
Key words: geopolitics, the importance of geographical factors in international relations, Danilevsky.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.005
N.S. FOROSTIANNYI Postgraduate student/lecturer at the Department of Organization Management, Faculty of International Industrial Management and Communication,of the D.F. Ustinov Baltic State Technical University VOENMEKH, St. Petersburg, Russia
A.M. TEMKINA Project manager of LLC "Business Information Solutions", Moscow, Russia
THE POLITICAL POTENTIAL OF THE BRICS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM
The article examines the role and capabilities of Russia in solving world problems in order to ensure safe, sustainable conflict-free intercultural interaction. The experience of Russia, taking into account the components of its cultural code, can be useful from the point of view of a conceptual contribution to building a sustainably secure future together.
The theoretical significance of the study is expressed by the increment of conceptual knowledge regarding the foreign policy of national security, which makes it possible to reach a new level of understanding the topic and defining the problem field within which the state foreign policy of modern Russia in its relationship with national security is to be considered. Scientific novelty is determined by the identification of the role of the value approach in the implementation of foreign policy in the national security system.
The authors propose ways to improve the political interaction of the BRICS model, taking into account the transformation of the global system of direct and feedback links. The potential of the BRICS lies not in economic, but primarily in political interaction in order to build a unified, conceptually defined global image of the future.
Key words: world order, United Nations, BRICS, cultural code, conflicts, globalization, frontiers of defense.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.006
K.А. VINOGRADOVA Postgraduate of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Project Administrator JSC Rosatom Energy Projects, Moscow, Russia
Supervisor: R.N. Shangaraev Doctor of Political Sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Editor-in-Chief of the journal "Bulletin of International Scientists", Moscow, Russia
PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY IN THE ENERGY SECTOR ON THE EXAMPLE OF SINOP NPP CONSTRUCTION
Turkey's energy sector experiences dependency on oil and gas imports; the development of non-renewable energy sources cannot guarantee the necessary energy effect for the Republic of Turkey. The construction of nuclear power plants will enable the country to ensure energy security through a cost-effective and productive energy source. Russia has nearly completed the construction of the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant, making it the sole partner capable of implementing the Sinop Nuclear Power Plant project for Turkey at present. The article provides an overview of Turkey's energy resources, establishes Russia's role in Turkey's energy policy, examines the historical background of the Sinop Nuclear Power Plant project, analyzes studies conducted by Turkish scholars on the Sinop Nuclear Power Plant project, identifies the overall risks of project implementation, and develops recommendations for the development of cooperation between Russia and Turkey in nuclear energy.
Key words: Russia-Turkey international relations, nuclear energy, Sinop Nuclear Power Plant, nuclear power plant construction.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.007
D.E. LYUBINA Сandidate of Political Sciences, Senior lecturer, Department of International Relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
KHADZIEVA DZENNET Graduate bachelor in the field of «Foreign Regional Studies» Department of International Relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
THE MIDDLE EAST VECTOR OF RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY
The relevance of the study is determined by Russia's geopolitical and strategic objectives in the Middle East region, which is the most unstable due to its geopolitical position, the presence of countries with conflicting interests and the active participation of non-regional actors, as well as Russia's participation in the conflict in Syria.
The article examines the ways of realizing Russia's national interests in the Middle East region in the context of a changing geopolitical situation and the formation of a new multipolar world.
The importance of the Middle East region has been emphasized in all editions of the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, the implementation of the Russian Middle East foreign policy course is complicated by the political peculiarities of the region, its heterogeneity and the presence of other non-regional players. In this regard, the final part of the article is devoted to the challenges of implementing Russian foreign policy in the Middle East.
Key words: foreign policy, Russia, Middle East, geopolitics, national interests.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.009
A.R. SULEYMANOV Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russia
DECOMPOSITION OF MODELS OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EMERGING MULTIPOLAR WORLD
Scientific attention to Eurasian integration is dictated by the current geopolitical situation, which is associated with the intensification of integration processes and the creation of new centers of global/regional governance in Eurasia. The accumulation of Eurasian integration as a model, which is an attempt to substantiate its various aspects in a common methodology, declares itself as a self-sufficient problem in international relations.
The article attempts to decompose the model of Eurasian integration based on seven elements. The author comes to the conclusion that they do not always complement each other harmoniously. Much depends on the individual characteristics of the States to which a particular model is applied. At the same time, the search for common patterns that determine the set and order of these elements based on the experience of various Eurasian countries will reveal the common meanings of Eurasian integration.
Key words: Eurasian integration, model, decomposition, multipolar world, Greater Eurasia, dimensions, effects, factors of influence.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.008
Y.A. SHITIKOVA Senior lecturer of the Department of Russian language and Intercultural Communication, Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia
DATA REVOLUTION. CHINA'S QUEST TO DOMINATE THE FINTECH INDUSTRY
Machine learning, artificial intelligence is driving technological innovation in most advanced economies. The world is becoming increasingly dependent on data transmitted over the Internet. This trend is leading to the management of almost every aspect of our public and personal lives.
The Chinese government's recent entry into the financial technology market, including through significant investment in blockchain technology and the pilot launch of a central bank digital currency, is a long-term strategy to dominate the digital economy of the future. This strategy represents a new financial dimension to the great-power rivalry between China and the United States.
This article examines the key elements of China's fintech strategy, how they fit into a continuum of innovation in the global history of data revolutions.
Key words: China, US, Internet technologies, dominance, big data.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.010
A.G. VOLOVIKOV Postgraduate student, Department of National and Federal Relations, Institute of Public Administration and Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
STATUS OF STATES AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The article is a study of the concept of status in the system of international relations, analyzing its significance and impact on the dynamics of global politics. The main attention is paid to three criteria of status: recognition, conformism and group affiliation. They are considered as key factors determining the position of states in the international system and their ability to influence the formation of global norms.
An important aspect of the study is the consideration of the paradox of status and material capabilities: even with significant economic and military resources, a state cannot always achieve a high status without appropriate recognition from the international community. This highlights the socially constructed nature of status, which in turn serves as a basis for legitimizing states' actions on the world stage. Status thus becomes not only a reflection of current power, but also a strategic resource for shaping the future of international relations.
The article also focuses on the role of great powers in maintaining the balance of power and shaping international standards, demonstrating how they influence international stratification. By analyzing the concept of recognition and its self-reinforcing nature, the authors reveal the mechanisms through which the status of states is strengthened and redistributed in global politics.
Key words: status, international relations system, sovereignty, social processes, group identity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.59.6.012
M.A. GROMOV MA in Political Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
EUROPEAN RHETORIC ON THE SPREAD OF DEMOCRACY IN ARAB COUNTRIES THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD POLICY
The European Neighbourhood Policy, launched in 2004, envisages «improving relations between the EU countries and their neighbors in the eastern and southern directions, mutual sustainable development and economic prosperity, as well as the export of the European system of values and democracy». This project was originally supposed to play an important role in relations along the Europe-Neighbors axis and strengthen European influence in neighboring regions, but it did not achieve its main goals and underwent changes in 2011 after the events of the Arab Spring and in 2015 after the aggravation of the migration crisis. The article examines the evolution of the European Neighborhood Policy with a focus on «promoting the principles of democracy», as well as analyzes the changes that occurred in it after the events of the Arab Spring. In its first version, the European Neighbourhood Policy assumed that cooperation with democratic countries was the shortest way to solve security problems. In fact, European politicians were willing to cooperate with authoritarian regimes when it was profitable. After the events of the Arab Spring, the EU tried to revive the rhetoric about the importance of democracy, believing that the uprisings in Arab countries were dictated by the desire of the population to end authoritarianism, but this attempt to instill democracy again failed. The article shows that the lack of consistency in actions and double play led the EU to actually abandon the export of democracy and to devalue the principle of democratic priority in cooperation with the governments of Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa for economic benefit, stability and strengthening European security, which raises the question of the sincerity of European politicians in their rhetoric about spreading democratic values.
Key words: Arab Spring, European Union, European Neighborhood Policy, regional stability, regional security, democratic reforms.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.011
T.V. KANT Teacher of international business protocol and etiquette, Center for distance learning programs for additional education, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
"SOFT POWER" OF EDUCATION AS A STRATEGIC INSTRUMENT OF INFLUENCE IN INTERNATIONAL POLICY
Modern Russia faces an important task: taking into account international experience and national characteristics, to find effective ways to use "soft power" for promising and actively developing areas today, such as international educational policy.
The object of this study is foreign international policy. The subject of the study is the concept of "soft power" and the potential for using education as its strategic tool. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of "soft power" on the prospects and processes of education, as well as to determine the strategic possibilities of its use to solve modern problems of Russia in the international educational sphere. To achieve these goals, the study examines education as a strategic tool of "soft power", and also studies some practical aspects of "soft power" that have historically developed in Russia's educational policy.
"Soft power" of education includes such methods as the dissemination of national and cultural values, the export of education and the promotion of the language – all this together should lead to an increase in the resource of "soft power", becoming not only an item of income, but also forming an attractive image of Russia. "Soft power" can be considered only in the long term, while the effectiveness of its strategic impact on the outside world through international educational policy is high, as it leads to long-term and stable relations.
Key words: "soft power", Joseph Nye, education, educational policy, export of education, student mobility, training of national elites, international relations, humanitarian policy.
PUBLICATION REVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.013
V.N. MEDVEDEV Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Institute of Civil Engineering and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Deputy Director of the Federal Autonomous Institution "Federal Center for Normation, Standardization and Technical Assessment of Conformity in Construction" Ministry of Construction of Russia, Moscow, Russia
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
JURISDICTIONS AND POWERS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE MODERN MODEL OF FEDERALISM
The article analyzes the transformation processes of federal relations in modern Russia in the context of the implementation of the norms of the Constitution on the delimitation of jurisdictions and powers between the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation. Based on the research materials and publications of Russian authors of recent years, a description of the centralized model of federal relations between federal and regional government bodies is given.
Key words: jurisdictions and powers, Russian Federation, Russian regions, federal relations, centralization of the Russian model of public administration.
REVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.60.7.014
D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Russian History RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
ON THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON GEOPOLITICS AND POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
(Afterword to the article "On Geopolitics and the Construction of a Geographical Border" by Galina Sergeevna Solodova)
A review of the article on geopolitics and geography allows us to look at problems that seem to have been posed long ago and have already been largely explained and understood. Geopolitics and geography are inseparable phenomena in theories prone to dogmatism. But not only. The Western global system of the world offers models of fundamental differences in the interpretation of the same image or concept through geopolitical ideas. And so on throughout the content of globalistics and geopolitics. Globalists, supporters of a unipolar world, have one idea. Other ideas are held by those who adhere to the value of a multipolar world order. From the review and in the course of the analysis of the article, we come to the conclusion – we can arrange our ideas, feelings, expectations, moods, preferences along parallel lines of the global and non-global picture of the world order. And this will be a reference point, who is with whom, and who is on whose side.
Key words: geopolitics, political geography, globalists, geographical factors, cultural factors in geopolitics.