№ 3 (49), 2023
Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 12, Issue 3 (49), 2023
CONTENTS
MODERN POLITICS
- Afonin M.V., Krivova A.L., Rudenko L.D., Rzayeva C.M. The Problem of Correlation of Political and Legal Norms
- Cong Xiaomeng. Specifics and Features of the Historical Development of the Political Regime in Russia
ECONOMIC ISSUES
- Zainullin S.B., Ismail Hassan Abed Ismail, Zhang Yaqi. Factors Affecting the Eurasian Energy Market
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES
- Magadiev M.F. BRICS in the System of Modern International Economic Relations: Analysis and Development Prospects
- Novoselsky S.O., Antropova T.G., Grunina O.A. Assessment of the Digital Transformation of the Socio-Economic System of Russia in the Context of Geopolitical Turbulence
- Danilov A.Yu. Features of Gender Policy Implementation in Modern Russia
- Mezhydov T.M. Problems of Formation and Use of Financial Resources in the Regions
HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- Xu Hong, Maitdinova Guzel, Zhang Yue. The Integration of the "One Belt, One Road" Initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union is a New Impetus for a Sustainable Economic Region
- AMIANTOV A.A., Rabadanov I.R., Sodikov Sh.J. Trends in the Development of Modern Moldova and Political and Legal Aspects of Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Moldova
- Solovieva V.A., Vovenda A.V. "Ice Silk Road" in the Context of the Arctic Strategy of the People's Republic of China
- Gafarov O.E. Formation of the Organization of Turkic States and the Main Directions of Cooperation
- Abbasov H.A. Integration of Transnational Youth in the Social Field of the Host Country: Case of Central Asian Students Studying in Russian Federation
- Hyeon A.O., Shitikova Yu.A. The Influence of Taoism on Modern China
STUDENT SCIENCE
- Pronina K.A. Features of Pricing in the Market of Educational Services in Modern Conditions
CONFERENCES
Syzdykova Zh.S. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies Invited Future Orientalists at the Open Day
MODERN POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.001
M.V. AFONIN PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Human Rights Russian State social university, Moscow, Russia
A.L. KRIVOVA Lecturer at the department of human rights Russian State social university, Moscow, Russia
L.D. RUDENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Rights Russian State social university, Moscow, Russia
C.M. RZAYEVA Candidate of Philology, Senior Lecturer, Department of Human Rights Russian State social university, Moscow, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF CORRELATION OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL NORMS
The article is considered approaches to understanding the role of political norms in legal conflicts. The authors analyze the interdependence of political and legal norms in legal practice and come to the conclusion: politics and law are relatively independent, so there is not a state of identification between them, not a position according to which one social phenomenon absorbs another, becomes broader than the last one, and objectively there is only a partial coincidence in their content.
Key words: political norms, legal norms, legal conflicts, legal state.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.002
CONG XIAOMENG Graduate student, Graduate school of cultural policy Humanities Policy and Management, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
SPECIFICS AND FEATURES OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLITICAL REGIME IN RUSSIA
The article deals with issues related to the specifics and features of the historical development of the political regime in Russia. The concept of "political regime" was studied, as well as the main factors that influence its formation. The author of the article emphasizes that in order for the political system and political regime to be an effective tool for managing and shaping consciousness, it is necessary to take into account the interests of each citizen, society as a whole, and adopt certain rules of behavior in it. The period of the baptism of Rus' is marked by the emergence of various political concepts and terms. During the development of the Moscow principality, ideological provisions arose regarding the formation of a strong state. During the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible, the legitimacy of unlimited supreme power was established, close attention was paid not to the issues of government and the formation of a political regime, but to the issues of giving legality to robberies and violence in society. The second half of the 19th century in Russia is characterized by the spread and development of revolutionary democratic ideas and views. Much attention is paid to the popular movement. At the end of the 19th century, a Marxist trend was formed in Russia. The main task of the representatives of this direction was to form a fundamentally new management policy, political regime, views and beliefs. The party and state apparatus during the reign of Stalin intervened in all affairs and in the solution of economic issues. This political regime continued until the arrival of M.S. Gorbachev (1985-1991), who acted as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. This period was characterized by a number of reforms, and the board was mainly based on administrative-command methods of management. The modern political regime can be characterized as a regime in which there are features of democracy. However, it requires the improvement of policy at all stages of its development and implementation. These changes, according to the author, should affect the political system, legal framework, economic instruments of regulation, etc. The article develops recommendations for improving the political regime for modern Russia. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the specifics and features of the historical development of the political regime in Russia.
Methods: Basic research methods: analysis, comparison, decision making, logical reasoning and many others.
Results: The specifics and features of the historical development of the political regime in Russia have been studied. Recommendations for improving the political regime for modern Russia have been developed.
Conclusions: After analyzing the historical process of the development of the political regime in Russia, it was possible to find out that it has gone through a long stage of evolution. Each new stage has its own characteristics and distinctive signs of development. The development and formation of the political regime in Russia is influenced by a large number of factors, among which historical, cultural, demographic, ideological, etc. can be distinguished. To improve the political regime of modern Russia, this paper developed recommendations that, in the author's opinion, will allow the formation of a democratic society with its ideology and rules of conduct.
Key words: political regime, power, state, specificity, historical development.
ECONOMIC ISSUES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.003
S.B. ZAINULLIN PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of National Economics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ISMAIL HASSAN ABED ISMAIL Master student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Iraq
ZHANG YAQI Master student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, China
FACTORS AFFECTING THE EURASIAN ENERGY MARKET
The purpose of this study is to review the current crisis in the Eurasian energy market and the prospects for its development. The article uses such methods of scientific research as comparison, considers the points of view of Russian and foreign authors, methods of analysis, synthesis and induction. The factors that influenced the current crisis situation, such as the dominance of the "green agenda" in the political mainstream, the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, an attempt to switch from long-term contracts for pipeline gas to spot supplies of liquefied natural gas, are considered. The economic consequences of the application of sanctions are also analyzed. The application of anti-Russian sanctions led to an imbalance in the global energy market, caused a shortage of energy resources and jumps in energy prices. Statistical data are presented that confirm that the sanctions policy and previous political decisions have caused significant problems both for industry and energy, countries imposing sanctions, and for the population of these countries, which in turn caused the strongest crisis in the energy market in recent decades.
Key words: energy market, sanctions, economic pressure, energy, unfriendly countries.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.004
M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in foreign policy activities of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia
BRICS IN THE SYSTEM OF MODERN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS: ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
The development of multilateral international economic cooperation is one of the most important conditions for economic growth. This fact, as well as the current shifts in the world architecture against the backdrop of current geopolitical events, determine the relevance of research on modern international integration processes. This article analyzes the BRICS as a prime example of such integration. Noting the positive achievements in trade and economic cooperation between partners in the BRICS bloc, the author at the same time draws attention to the prospects for its development. In conclusion, a conclusion is made about the modern role of BRICS as a subject of modern international economic relations.
Key words: BRICS, investment, international relations, New Development Bank, NDB, PPI, Russia, economy, G20, G7.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.005
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after I.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia
T.G. ANTROPOVA Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
O.A. GRUNINA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Moscow State Technical University (branch) K.G. Razumovsky «(PKU)», Moscow, Russia
ASSESSMENT OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL TURBULENCE
The article evaluates the digital transformation of the socio-economic system of Russia in the context of geopolitical turbulence. In the current environment, the use of digital technologies is a fundamental factor in ensuring economic growth and achieving the goals of technology leadership. The intensification of digital transformations is a catalyst for innovative activity, and also contributes to the most rational use of resource potential. In today's international realities, Russia faces the difficult task of achieving digital sovereignty, which should become the basis for the stability of macroeconomic development. The large-scale restriction of access of domestic economic entities to digital technologies by unfriendly countries generates the need to stimulate domestic development by expanding the capacity of the research space. The author in the publication substantiates the relevance of the intensification of digital transformation processes in the current conjuncture of the development of the world economy, analyzes the costs of developing the digital economy of the Russian Federation, assesses the degree of achievement of target indicators for digital transformation of the socio-economic system of the country, highlights the basic features of digital transformation processes in Russia at the present stage. Based on the results of the work, a conclusion is made about the need to intensify digital transformation processes to ensure international competitiveness and maintain national sovereignty in the global economy. Based on the diagnostics performed, a number of positive trends in the development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation are noted, among which we can highlight the progressive dynamics of costs for expanding the potential of the digital economy, increasing investment in domestic IT solutions, a growing track of digital financial literacy and digitalization of SMEs, as well as the presence of positive experience in import substitution of digital platform solutions in relevant areas.
Key words: digital transformation, digital ecosystem, digital technologies, socio-economic development, technological sovereignty, digital sustainability, digital economy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.006
A.Yu. DANILOV Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF GENDER POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN MODERN RUSSIA
The article actualizes the issue of the current state of gender equality in Russia as an example of the implementation of gender policy at the legislative level. The purpose of the article is to study the history and current state of gender policy implemented in the Russian Federation. The women's issue has long been at the forefront of gender inequality, which is ambiguously indicated by the analysis of historical aspects of gender policy and mechanisms of its development. The research methods were historical discourse, regulatory analysis. As a result, it was revealed that the domestic state remains committed to the traditionalist version of the formation of solutions aimed at overcoming social gender problems. As a conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that at the present stage gender equality in Russia is experiencing the need for reform with the participation of state and political institutions based on the principle of gender equality. Of particular importance is the well-coordinated and coordinated interaction between state bodies, on the one hand, and public organizations, on the other, aimed at the stable observance of women's rights in our country and their protection. At the same time, efforts should be made to rid the mass consciousness of gender stereotypes and prejudices.
Key words: gender, gender policy, gender equality, gender inequality, women's issue, gender asymmetry.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.007
T.M. MEZHYDOV Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND USE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE REGIONS
The purpose of the work was to identify problems arising in the formation of regional budgets and the use of financial resources for the development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The research methods are presented by a qualitative comprehensive analysis of the financing of the regions of Russia. The result of the study is to identify such problems as an increase in the volume of inter-budget transfers without taking into account tax arrears in the regions, which should become the main source of their financing and development. Conclusions: Russia needs to strengthen the production and economic base, and increase the number of subjects of the real sector of the economy, which will increase the amount of taxes and fees received by the budget. Also, one of the trends in the development of the national and regional financial system is the formation of large-scale financial and economic ecosystems.
Key words: financial system, regional budget, budget revenues.
HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.008
XU HONG Professor of the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China
MAITDINOVA GUZEL Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy Russian-Tajik (Slavic) University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
ZHANG YUE Master's student at the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China
THE INTEGRATION OF THE "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" INITIATIVE AND THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION IS A NEW IMPETUS FOR A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC REGION
The article analyzes the global Chinese initiative "One Belt, One Road" (OPOP), aimed at creating the "Silk Road Economic Belt" together with the states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The initiative involves closer economic cooperation between the new Central Asian states and China, the implementation of projects for the development of road transport, rail and air communication between Central Asia and China; the development of oil and gas production and other minerals, cooperation in agriculture, free movement of goods, capital and services. The article deals with the problems of linking the "OPOP" with the Eurasian Economic Union, designed to harmonize trade and economic cooperation, stimulate infrastructure investments and humanitarian cooperation. The authors conclude that the pairing of the two integration projects will contribute to the formation of "economic content" in the process of pairing the EAEU.
Key words: Eurasian Economic Union, integration, One Belt, One Road, interface, cooperation, China.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.009
A.A. AMIANTOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
I.R. RABADANOV Political scientist, expert of the expert council of the Committee Federation Council for Defense and Security, specialist in international relations, Moscow, Russia
Sh.J. SODIKOV PhD in Law, Expert of the Russian International Affairs Council, Analyst of the Center for Military and Political Studies, MGIMO, Moscow, Russia
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN MOLDOVA AND POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
The article analyzes the current political processes in the Republic of Moldova and Gagauzia, as well as Moldova's relations with the Russian Federation. The paper examines aspects of the foreign policy impact of Western countries on domestic processes in Moldova, and also reveals the legal foundations of cooperation between Russia and Moldova, including at the parliamentary level.
Key words: Russian Federation, Republic of Moldova, language, religion, culture, foreign policy, political process, international cooperation, international agreements, Parliament.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.010
V.A. SOLOVIEVA Student, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
A.V. VOVENDA Associate Professor, PhD in Political Science, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
"ICE SILK ROAD" IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ARCTIC STRATEGY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
This article describes the large-scale project "Ice Silk Road" within the framework of the Arctic strategy of China. The "Ice Silk Road" 2018 was included in the White paper on China's policy in the Arctic region. The aim of the study is to identify the role of the Ice Silk Road project within the framework of China's Arctic Strategy, as well as the advantages of its interface with the Russian Northern Sea Route. Results: The role of the Arctic region in modern international relations is analyzed. The reasons for China's interest in pursuing Arctic policy are highlighted, as well as the advantages of combining the Ice Silk Road and the Northern Sea Route projects to implement the tasks assigned to the states. The importance of Chinese-Russian cooperation in the development of the Arctic is determined. The growing relevance of the Arctic region motivates China to take an active part in its development, which is much easier and more profitable to do in tandem with Russia.
Key words: Arctic policy, Northern Sea Route, Ice Silk Road, China, Russia, Arctic Ocean, navigation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.011
О.E. GAFAROV Junior Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Scientific and Analytical Information, Moscow, Russia
FORMATION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF TURKIC STATES AND THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF COOPERATION
The article discusses the policy of the Republic of Turkey towards the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Turkmenistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan within the framework of the «Summit of Turkic Speaking States», which was initiated by President Turgut Ozal in 1992. The main task is to analyze the period of formation of this platform into an institutional structure called the "Turkic Council", which will be renamed in 2021 as the Organization of Turkic States. Now this platform has already become a full-fledged international structure with its own development strategy until 2040.
Conclusion: Turkic-speaking countries seek to expand and strengthen cooperation among themselves from the outset, but they face various political problems and contradictions. In this regard, to determine how quickly the Organization of Turkic States is ready to transform, it is enough to look at the signed declarations and their implementation. The declarative and recommendatory level of the signed documents remains the main obstacle to further institutionalization and, in general, the implementation of projects and ideas in the Turkic world. This is primarily due to the fact that the goals of the countries participating in the organization are different.
Key words: Turkey, Turkic Council, Organization of Turkic States, the Ankara Declaration, energy sector, transport and logistics sector.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.012
H.A. ABBASOV Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
INTEGRATION OF TRANSNATIONAL YOUTH IN THE SOCIAL FIELD OF THE HOST COUNTRY: CASE OF CENTRAL ASIAN STUDENTS STUDYING IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The dynamic nature of modern transnational processes defines a new model of socio-political interactions that allows young people to form a virtual socio-political movement in a matter of hours, applying innovative tools of socio-political impact, lobbying their initiatives through new media platforms, and expanding the role of non-institutional actors as new means of political participation. The development and intensification of transnational movements in political, social, and cultural processes have also reduced the time and resources needed to transmit social and political values. Accordingly, young people have received an effective tool for involving their peers in the early stages of integration into the transnational ‘field,’ consolidating cultural and information spaces and facilitating the universalization of behavioral patterns. The study provides an insightful analysis of how digital technologies transform the experience of transnational youth and their sense of belonging, identifies critical elements of the digital diaspora's social infrastructure, and specifies transnational youth's virtual behavioral patterns. The methodological basis of the study includes a secondary analysis of studies on communication and inclusion of Central Asian students studying in Russia with the receiving and sending parties.
Key words: youth, digital diaspora, non-institutional actors, socio-political impact, transnational identity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.013
A.O. HYEON Student of the Department of International Relations and Customs Affairs, Baikal State University (BSU), Irkutsk, Russia
Y.A. SHITIKOVA Assistant of the Department of Russian and Intercultural Communication, Baikal State University (BSU), Irkutsk, Russia
THE INFLUENCE OF TAOISM ON MODERN CHINA
In today's world, we still use the principles extant in the philosophical teachings of great philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Socrates and other thinkers, but there are also more ancient trends which were formed as far back as ancient China, in particular Taoism. In Chinese, Taoism sounds like dao-jiao and represents the principles of wu-wei, which we understand as non-doing, depending on the natural order of things in nature and the desire for permanence. Taoism was the earliest teaching in China, originating with Lao-zi in the Zhou period. The existence of the creator of the Chinese doctrine is covered in legend, from his birth to the writing of the creation that became the source of Taoism, the Dao De Jing treatise. The basis for the story of the old man is a work by Sima Jian entitled Historical Records, in which Lao-zi himself is represented as a sage born in his old age and working in the archive of the Zhou palace. It is possible that it was the Taoist patriarch who gave advice to Confucius himself and led a life of seclusion. The legacy of Taoism and its creator is still preserved in Chinese society both as the Dao De Jing itself, whose postulates are used by Chinese politicians in international relations, and as the cultural heritage of the surviving temples in which Taoists still exist and, popular not only in China but around the world, the genre of xianxia.
Key words: Taoism, Taoists, Dao De Jing, Lao Zi, dao-jiao, qigong, treatise, Sima Qian.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.014
K.A. PRONINA Student of the direction «Economics» profile «Enterprise Economics and Entrepreneurship» Faculty of Economics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF PRICING IN THE MARKET OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN MODERN CONDITIONS
The specificity of the market of educational services is determined by the formation of the intellectual potential of society, the competition of organizations that carry out educational activities. Equally important is the question of the interaction of supply and demand, the problem of accessibility of educational services for different groups of the population with a certain level of income. The article considers industry and regional factors that have a direct impact on the cost of educational services, the formation of value, a statistical analysis of Moscow universities is carried out. As a result of the study, the use of a limited set of pricing tools in the educational services market was revealed, which negatively affects the achievement of the goal of the segment itself: the wide satisfaction of consumer needs. Probable mechanisms for reducing the cost of educational services that are most popular among recipients are proposed.
Key words: pricing, national economy, market of educational services, cost of education, competitiveness.
CONFERENCES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.015
ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia
LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES INVITED FUTURE ORIENTALISTS AT THE OPEN DAY