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Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 12, Issue 4 (50), 2023

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Kiselev S.G., Opokin A.B. Arctic: Strategies of Arctic, Near-Arctic and Non-Arctic Countries
• Xu Hong, Maitdinova Guzel, Zhang Yue. One Belt One Road Initiative and Eurasian Economic Union: Priority Areas of Cooperation in Central Asia
• Tovsultanov R.A., Tovsultanova M.Sh., Galimova L.N. Underground Railroad as an Organized Way to Fight Slavery in the United States Before the Civil War
• Kurbanov N.I. Prospects for the Economic Relations between Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan
• Urper Mehmet. Analysis of Modern Relations between EU and the Republic of Turkey

WORLD ECONOMY AND PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS

• Saenko A.N. Seychelles Economic Outlook During the Post-Covid-19 Pandemic
• Martyshov I.Yu. World Experience in the Creation and Development of International Integration Associations on the Example of the EU and the EAEU
• Lavrentiev A.S. The Influence of Large Chinese Companies on the Development of the Russian Economy in the Period of Modern Geopolitical Tension

MODERN PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL RELATIONS

• Petrov D.Yu. Social Policy in Conditions of Transformation of Digital Media Space

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Bratkovskaya D.V., Tokareva S.A., Gorbenkova E.I. Korean Specifics of Cybersecurity Policy
• Ilinskaya K.R. The Era of ChatGPT: Impact on the Economy and the Labor Market
• Baranova Y.V., Leonova A.A. Geopolitical Opposition of Russia, USA and China in Africa
• Pronina K.A. Pricing in the Primary Residential Real Estate Market in Modern Realities
• Pakhmutov N.D. Students in the Ranks of the Precariat: the Far Eastern Context

SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES

• Syzdykova Zh.S. Outlines of the Greater Eurasian Partnership

Our authors № 4-2023

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.001

S.G. KISELEV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Political Science, Moscow State Linguistic University; Professor of the Department of International Security and Foreign Policy of Russia, RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

A.B. OPOKIN Senior Lecturer of the Department of Law of the Academy of Management and Production, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Theory of Law and State-Legal Disciplines of the International Law Institute, Moscow, Russia

ARCTIC: STRATEGIES OF ARCTIC, NEAR-ARCTIC AND NON-ARCTIC COUNTRIES

The article examines the strategies of the Arctic, Arctic and non-Arctic countries, their geopolitical and economic interests in the Arctic. The author determines the study of this issue by the increasing importance of the Arctic region in world affairs and the significant role of the Arctic in the realization of the national interests of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Arctic, Arctic countries, near-Arctic countries, non-Arctic countries, strategies, interests, priorities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.002

XU HONG Professor of the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China

MAITDINOVA GUZEL Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy Russian-Tajik (Slavic) University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

ZHANG YUE Master's student at the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, China, Harbin

ONE BELT ONE ROAD INITIATIVE AND EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION: PRIORITY AREAS OF COOPERATION IN CENTRAL ASIA

The article is devoted to the conjugation of One Belt and One Road and the Eurasian Union. The emphasis is on the trade and economic sphere. It is noted that the countries of Central Asia, due to their geographical location, are a connecting link in the implementation of large-scale projects in Eurasia. It is emphasized that one of the main areas of economic cooperation should be project activities in the field of transport, industry, new technologies, agriculture. It is concluded that the development projects of Central Asia can be implemented jointly with the SCO states and, above all, Russia and China.

Key words: OPOP, EAEU, China, Russia, Central Asiа.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.003

R.A. TOVSULTANOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of the Kadyrov Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia

M.Sh. TOVSULTANOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Foreign Languages of the Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russia

L.N. GALIMOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Humanities and Socio-Economic Disciplines Ulyanovsk Institute of Civil Aviation named after Chief Marshal of Aviation B.P. Bugaev, Ulyanovsk, Russia

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD AS AN ORGANIZED WAY TO FIGHT SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR

The history of the underground railroad, the first civil rights movement in the United States, has come to us from fragmentary information that is difficult to form a general picture of understanding the large-scale process that can be called the fight against slavery as one of the most inhumane practices of human civilization. The heterogeneity of the components of this movement, which includes representatives of different races, nationalities, estates, professions, financial situation, etc., sometimes makes it difficult to study the phenomenon of the underground railway. Nevertheless, the study of the fight against slavery as a large-scale political process should not bypass or neutralize the humanism of ordinary people who risked their lives, property, reputation and freedom for the sake of black fugitives in need of help.

Key words: slavery, USA, abolitionism, underground railroad, North, South.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.004

N.I. KURBANOV Employee of the laboratory of intellectual data analysis of the Institute for International Studies (IMI); Intern at the Center for Spatial Analysis international relations IMI MGIMO MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKMENISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN

This paper is devoted to the intensity and development of economic relations between Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. This topic is relevant in several aspects: firstly, both countries have immense amount of natural resources, as well as colossal transport potential; secondly, the situation in the world after 2022 has changed dramatically, so the interest of global actors (Russia, the USA, China, India) and regional powers (Iran, Turkey) in the Central Asian region as a whole and in those two states in particular has drastically, which inevitably affects cooperation between Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. The author used methods of geopolitical, system-functional, legal analysis, as well as monitoring of various media. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the parties managed to build an extensive legal and institutional framework; 2) the transport and energy cooperation, as well as the level of trade, will only increase, since both countries are located at the crossroads of the supply routes of oil, gas and goods between Europe, Russia, Iran, China and other powers.

Key words: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, transport, economy, China, Russia, Iran, gas.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.005

URPER MEHMET Senior lecturer of the department International Humanitarian Relations of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

ANALYSIS OF MODERN RELATIONS BETWEEN EU AND THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

This article focuses on the extremely important issue of Turkey's role and significance in its relations with the European Union. The author attempts to define not only the position of this country as an important state actor in the foreign policy of the EU countries, but also to demonstrate how the Turkish region was conceptualized and projected as an important strategic goal-oriented object in the foreign policy and trade and economic activities of the Western world, especially in the period after end of the cold war. The purpose of the author is to assess whether the EU countries have a new trade and economic model in relation to Turkey as a comprehensive and consistent foreign policy/strategy. In this article, we try to answer the question of whether Turkey is conceptualized as a separate region in EU foreign policy.

Key words: international relations, European Union, Middle East, Turkey, NATO.

WORLD ECONOMY AND PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.006

A.N. SAENKO Junior Researcher RAS Institute of Africa, Moscow, Russia

SEYCHELLES ECONOMIC OUTLOOK DURING THE POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The article presents an overview of the economic consequences of restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Seychelles. Seychelles, with its economy, is among the countries extremely vulnerable to the pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the pandemic on key sectors of the country's economy: fishing, tourism, manufacturing. Forecasts of the short- and medium-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of the Seychelles are presented. Three scenarios of economic recovery of the state in the period 2021-2023 are considered.; The analysis of the real situation in the economy of the Seychelles during the post-pandemic period in 2021-2023 was also carried out.

The factors that have a negative impact on a more intensive recovery of the economy of the Seychelles are presented. Among the factors that can have a positive impact on improving the economic situation are: economic diversification aimed at reducing the importance of tourism as a key sector of the Seychelles economy; development of fisheries and knowledge-intensive services, including digital finance and ICT, etc.

It was noted that the Seychelles, as in the period before the pandemic, currently remains the most economically developed country in Africa. Forecasts for the recovery and further improvement of the economic performance of the Seychelles are favorable.

Key words: Africa, Seychelles, economic development, East African region, COVID-19.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.007

I.Yu. MARTYSHOV Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Economics Russian Customs Academy, Moscow, Russia

WORLD EXPERIENCE IN THE CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE EU AND THE EAEU

An analysis of the world experience in the creation and development of international integration associations, in particular the EU and the EAEU, was carried out. A comparison of the two integration associations made it possible to highlight the advantages and disadvantages, as well as further development paths and prospects for each of them. The difficult geopolitical and economic situation in the world requires a new approach and associations for the collective solution of the tasks facing each state. The analysis carried out by the author made it possible to identify directions for the development of integration associations (the EU and the EAEU).

Object: analysis of the activities of international integration associations to identify development prospects in the framework of international relations and trade and economic cooperation at the present stage.

Methods: in the course of the article such methods of scientific knowledge as comparison, analysis of theoretical sources and legal sources, generalization were used. Along with general scientific methods of cognition, private scientific methods were used: descriptive.

Key words: integration, geopolitics, European Union, Eurasian Economic Union, integration, Common Market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.008

A.S. LAVRENTIEV Student, Faculty of Law, Department of International Law and International Relations, ZabSU, Chita, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF LARGE CHINESE COMPANIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY IN THE PERIOD OF MODERN GEOPOLITICAL TENSION

Today, the economic sphere of the Russian Federation is undergoing a number of serious threats against the background of growing geopolitical tensions, which makes it necessary to study the economic potential of friendly countries operating in the Russian economic space, using the example of China. Currently, there is a noticeable increase in the involvement of companies, including those with state participation, of China in the domestic economic environment of the Russian Federation. The text of the article presents a comprehensive author's study of a number of Chinese companies during a period of global economic tension; analysis of the impact of the dynamics of Chinese oil and gas, technology, construction and automotive companies against the background of global economic and political instability on the domestic Russian market; description of the main obstacles to establishing economic ties. The main position of the official representatives of the countries on mutual cooperation and the results of the activities of major economic forums are also highlighted in the text of the work. The methods of logical, statistical analysis, comparison and economic induction were used in the research process. An attempt has been made to analyze an array of data in the fields of oil and gas, technological and automotive activities of Chinese enterprises in the territory of the Russian Federation. Based on the materials studied, it can be concluded that it is impossible to accurately predict the stable growth of the dynamics of these companies against the background of global economic instability. The author of the article comes to the main thesis that, regardless of various kinds of geopolitical barriers, the dynamics of increasing mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries is steadily maintained, especially in key economic spheres.

Key words: economic sphere, Chinese enterprises, market, dynamics, cooperation.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.009

D.Yu. PETROV Teacher of basic, Department of Public Administration and municipal property department "Higher School of Law" IGSU RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL POLICY IN CONDITIONS OF TRANSFORMATION OF DIGITAL MEDIA SPACE

The article discusses the transformation of social policy and the formation of modern digital space under the influence of technological progress, as well as the active formation of the digital economy and digital environment. At the moment, there are several key unresolved problems, including growing inequality and the transformation of the media space in the face of political uncertainty, which our country needs to solve in order to bring modern communication technologies and the standard of living of the population to a qualitatively new level of social development.

Key words: social policy, digital economy, digital space, digital transformation, media policy, mass media, mass communications.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.010

D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.А. TOKAREVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

E.I. GORBENKOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

KOREAN SPECIFICS OF CYBERSECURITY POLICY

The 21st century has become the century of innovative information technologies that have brought new development opportunities, as well as new problems and threats. Advanced technologies have changed the way of life of society, respectively, and social values. One of the main consequences of the global computerization of state and military structures was the emergence of a new environment – cyberspace. As the number of Internet users increases, cybersecurity threats related to privacy breaches and personal data leakage increase. One of the countries that decided to take the problem seriously was South Korea.

In the article, the author examines the features of cybersecurity and its specifics in South Korea, determines the structure of the cybersecurity system and reveals the legislative structure of cyberspace in the Republic of Korea.

Key words: international relations, security, cybersecurity, legal regulation, South Korea, cyberpower, innovation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.011

K.R. ILINSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE ERA OF CHATGPT: IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY AND THE LABOR MARKET

The article discusses the impact of ChatGPT on the economy and the labor market. There are fears that the program could replace human workers in various industries, leading to rising unemployment. The article examines the possibilities of ChatGPT compared to human skills, how companies currently use the program, potential changes in the labor market, and the role of education in adapting to these changes. The purpose of the article is to answer the question of how ChatGPT has affected the economic sphere and what changes can be expected in the future. Since the effect of the introduction of the new program is currently difficult to measure, the article is of an overview nature to problematize this issue in academic discourse.

Key words: ChatGPT, artificial intelligence, technological progress, labor market, post-labor theory, unemployment, education, chatbot.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.012

Y.V. BARANOVA Student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.A. LEONOVA Student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL OPPOSITION OF RUSSIA, USA AND CHINA IN AFRICA

In connection with the formation of a new system of international relations, the characteristic feature of which will be the absence of a single center of power in the face of the United States of America, regions of the world with great human and resource potentials for the further development of countries claiming leading positions in the international arena are beginning to play an increasingly important role. So, today the African continent is of great strategic importance: reserves of natural resources, high growth in consumption and demand for goods, a quarter of all UN votes – all these are the main reasons for the competition of countries such as the United States, Russia and China. This article will analyze the geopolitical confrontation between Washington, Beijing and Moscow in Africa, considering the historical context of the presence of these states since the second half of the XX century, the pursuit of their national interests on the continent and the prospects for the alignment of forces for the next 10 years.

Key words: Africa, geopolitical confrontation, China, USA, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.013

K.A. PRONINA Student of the direction «Economics» profile «Enterprise Economics and Entrepreneurship» Faculty of Economics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

PRICING IN THE PRIMARY RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE MARKET IN MODERN REALITIES

In the conditions of the economic crisis, an important direction is the analysis of factors affecting the cost of residential real estate market objects as the main determinant of the purchasing power of the population, as well as the security of the sector itself.

Primarily important for the economy is the primary residential real estate market, since an increase in the volume of the housing stock contributes to the balance of the entire market.

The article considers the main pricing factors in the residential real estate market of the Russian Federation and their correlation. The dynamics of the average price for objects of sale is given. The methodology was a review of scientific papers on the research topic.

As a result of the work, a medium-term forecast of the value of real estate objects was built in conditions of economic instability.

Key words: pricing, real estate market, housing, average prices, inflation, purchasing power, forecast.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.014

N.D. PAKHMUTOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

STUDENTS IN THE RANKS OF THE PRECARIAT: THE FAR EASTERN CONTEXT

This article examines the problem of precariatization of young people in the Far East, when students are forced to work in low-paid and unstable jobs. The author explores the causes of this problem, and suggests possible ways to solve it. The paper also discusses a new socio-economic class of the drug and its impact on the labor activity of young people. The article is relevant in the light of the deteriorating working conditions of the population, especially young people, and describes the economic consequences of precariatization for the region.

Key words: precariat, Far East, youth, higher education, working conditions, capitalism.

SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.50.4.015

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

OUTLINES OF THE GREATER EURASIAN PARTNERSHIP

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Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 12, Issue 3 (49), 2023

CONTENTS

MODERN POLITICS

• Afonin M.V., Krivova A.L., Rudenko L.D., Rzayeva C.M. The Problem of Correlation of Political and Legal Norms
• Cong Xiaomeng. Specifics and Features of the Historical Development of the Political Regime in Russia

ECONOMIC ISSUES

• Zainullin S.B., Ismail Hassan Abed Ismail, Zhang Yaqi. Factors Affecting the Eurasian Energy Market

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

• Magadiev M.F. BRICS in the System of Modern International Economic Relations: Analysis and Development Prospects
• Novoselsky S.O., Antropova T.G., Grunina O.A. Assessment of the Digital Transformation of the Socio-Economic System of Russia in the Context of Geopolitical Turbulence
• Danilov A.Yu. Features of Gender Policy Implementation in Modern Russia
• Mezhydov T.M. Problems of Formation and Use of Financial Resources in the Regions

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Xu Hong, Maitdinova Guzel, Zhang Yue. The Integration of the "One Belt, One Road" Initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union is a New Impetus for a Sustainable Economic Region
• AMIANTOV A.A., Rabadanov I.R., Sodikov Sh.J. Trends in the Development of Modern Moldova and Political and Legal Aspects of Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Moldova
• Solovieva V.A., Vovenda A.V. "Ice Silk Road" in the Context of the Arctic Strategy of the People's Republic of China
• Gafarov O.E. Formation of the Organization of Turkic States and the Main Directions of Cooperation
• Abbasov H.A. Integration of Transnational Youth in the Social Field of the Host Country: Case of Central Asian Students Studying in Russian Federation
• Hyeon A.O., Shitikova Yu.A. The Influence of Taoism on Modern China

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Pronina K.A. Features of Pricing in the Market of Educational Services in Modern Conditions

CONFERENCES

Syzdykova Zh.S. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies Invited Future Orientalists at the Open Day

Our authors № 3-2023

MODERN POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.001

M.V. AFONIN PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Human Rights Russian State social university, Moscow, Russia

A.L. KRIVOVA Lecturer at the department of human rights Russian State social university, Moscow, Russia

L.D. RUDENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Rights Russian State social university, Moscow, Russia

C.M. RZAYEVA Candidate of Philology, Senior Lecturer, Department of Human Rights Russian State social university, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF CORRELATION OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL NORMS

The article is considered approaches to understanding the role of political norms in legal conflicts. The authors analyze the interdependence of political and legal norms in legal practice and come to the conclusion: politics and law are relatively independent, so there is not a state of identification between them, not a position according to which one social phenomenon absorbs another, becomes broader than the last one, and objectively there is only a partial coincidence in their content.

Key words: political norms, legal norms, legal conflicts, legal state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.002

CONG XIAOMENG Graduate student, Graduate school of cultural policy Humanities Policy and Management, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SPECIFICS AND FEATURES OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLITICAL REGIME IN RUSSIA

The article deals with issues related to the specifics and features of the historical development of the political regime in Russia. The concept of "political regime" was studied, as well as the main factors that influence its formation. The author of the article emphasizes that in order for the political system and political regime to be an effective tool for managing and shaping consciousness, it is necessary to take into account the interests of each citizen, society as a whole, and adopt certain rules of behavior in it. The period of the baptism of Rus' is marked by the emergence of various political concepts and terms. During the development of the Moscow principality, ideological provisions arose regarding the formation of a strong state. During the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible, the legitimacy of unlimited supreme power was established, close attention was paid not to the issues of government and the formation of a political regime, but to the issues of giving legality to robberies and violence in society. The second half of the 19th century in Russia is characterized by the spread and development of revolutionary democratic ideas and views. Much attention is paid to the popular movement. At the end of the 19th century, a Marxist trend was formed in Russia. The main task of the representatives of this direction was to form a fundamentally new management policy, political regime, views and beliefs. The party and state apparatus during the reign of Stalin intervened in all affairs and in the solution of economic issues. This political regime continued until the arrival of M.S. Gorbachev (1985-1991), who acted as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. This period was characterized by a number of reforms, and the board was mainly based on administrative-command methods of management. The modern political regime can be characterized as a regime in which there are features of democracy. However, it requires the improvement of policy at all stages of its development and implementation. These changes, according to the author, should affect the political system, legal framework, economic instruments of regulation, etc. The article develops recommendations for improving the political regime for modern Russia. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the specifics and features of the historical development of the political regime in Russia.

Methods: Basic research methods: analysis, comparison, decision making, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: The specifics and features of the historical development of the political regime in Russia have been studied. Recommendations for improving the political regime for modern Russia have been developed.

Conclusions: After analyzing the historical process of the development of the political regime in Russia, it was possible to find out that it has gone through a long stage of evolution. Each new stage has its own characteristics and distinctive signs of development. The development and formation of the political regime in Russia is influenced by a large number of factors, among which historical, cultural, demographic, ideological, etc. can be distinguished. To improve the political regime of modern Russia, this paper developed recommendations that, in the author's opinion, will allow the formation of a democratic society with its ideology and rules of conduct.

Key words: political regime, power, state, specificity, historical development.

ECONOMIC ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.003

S.B. ZAINULLIN PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of National Economics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ISMAIL HASSAN ABED ISMAIL Master student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Iraq

ZHANG YAQI Master student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, China

FACTORS AFFECTING THE EURASIAN ENERGY MARKET

The purpose of this study is to review the current crisis in the Eurasian energy market and the prospects for its development. The article uses such methods of scientific research as comparison, considers the points of view of Russian and foreign authors, methods of analysis, synthesis and induction. The factors that influenced the current crisis situation, such as the dominance of the "green agenda" in the political mainstream, the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, an attempt to switch from long-term contracts for pipeline gas to spot supplies of liquefied natural gas, are considered. The economic consequences of the application of sanctions are also analyzed. The application of anti-Russian sanctions led to an imbalance in the global energy market, caused a shortage of energy resources and jumps in energy prices. Statistical data are presented that confirm that the sanctions policy and previous political decisions have caused significant problems both for industry and energy, countries imposing sanctions, and for the population of these countries, which in turn caused the strongest crisis in the energy market in recent decades.

Key words: energy market, sanctions, economic pressure, energy, unfriendly countries.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.004

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in foreign policy activities of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

BRICS IN THE SYSTEM OF MODERN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS: ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

The development of multilateral international economic cooperation is one of the most important conditions for economic growth. This fact, as well as the current shifts in the world architecture against the backdrop of current geopolitical events, determine the relevance of research on modern international integration processes. This article analyzes the BRICS as a prime example of such integration. Noting the positive achievements in trade and economic cooperation between partners in the BRICS bloc, the author at the same time draws attention to the prospects for its development. In conclusion, a conclusion is made about the modern role of BRICS as a subject of modern international economic relations.

Key words: BRICS, investment, international relations, New Development Bank, NDB, PPI, Russia, economy, G20, G7.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.005

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after I.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia

T.G. ANTROPOVA Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

O.A. GRUNINA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Moscow State Technical University (branch) K.G. Razumovsky «(PKU)», Moscow, Russia

ASSESSMENT OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL TURBULENCE

The article evaluates the digital transformation of the socio-economic system of Russia in the context of geopolitical turbulence. In the current environment, the use of digital technologies is a fundamental factor in ensuring economic growth and achieving the goals of technology leadership. The intensification of digital transformations is a catalyst for innovative activity, and also contributes to the most rational use of resource potential. In today's international realities, Russia faces the difficult task of achieving digital sovereignty, which should become the basis for the stability of macroeconomic development. The large-scale restriction of access of domestic economic entities to digital technologies by unfriendly countries generates the need to stimulate domestic development by expanding the capacity of the research space. The author in the publication substantiates the relevance of the intensification of digital transformation processes in the current conjuncture of the development of the world economy, analyzes the costs of developing the digital economy of the Russian Federation, assesses the degree of achievement of target indicators for digital transformation of the socio-economic system of the country, highlights the basic features of digital transformation processes in Russia at the present stage. Based on the results of the work, a conclusion is made about the need to intensify digital transformation processes to ensure international competitiveness and maintain national sovereignty in the global economy. Based on the diagnostics performed, a number of positive trends in the development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation are noted, among which we can highlight the progressive dynamics of costs for expanding the potential of the digital economy, increasing investment in domestic IT solutions, a growing track of digital financial literacy and digitalization of SMEs, as well as the presence of positive experience in import substitution of digital platform solutions in relevant areas.

Key words: digital transformation, digital ecosystem, digital technologies, socio-economic development, technological sovereignty, digital sustainability, digital economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.006

A.Yu. DANILOV Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF GENDER POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article actualizes the issue of the current state of gender equality in Russia as an example of the implementation of gender policy at the legislative level. The purpose of the article is to study the history and current state of gender policy implemented in the Russian Federation. The women's issue has long been at the forefront of gender inequality, which is ambiguously indicated by the analysis of historical aspects of gender policy and mechanisms of its development. The research methods were historical discourse, regulatory analysis. As a result, it was revealed that the domestic state remains committed to the traditionalist version of the formation of solutions aimed at overcoming social gender problems. As a conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that at the present stage gender equality in Russia is experiencing the need for reform with the participation of state and political institutions based on the principle of gender equality. Of particular importance is the well-coordinated and coordinated interaction between state bodies, on the one hand, and public organizations, on the other, aimed at the stable observance of women's rights in our country and their protection. At the same time, efforts should be made to rid the mass consciousness of gender stereotypes and prejudices.

Key words: gender, gender policy, gender equality, gender inequality, women's issue, gender asymmetry.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.007

T.M. MEZHYDOV Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND USE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE REGIONS

The purpose of the work was to identify problems arising in the formation of regional budgets and the use of financial resources for the development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The research methods are presented by a qualitative comprehensive analysis of the financing of the regions of Russia. The result of the study is to identify such problems as an increase in the volume of inter-budget transfers without taking into account tax arrears in the regions, which should become the main source of their financing and development. Conclusions: Russia needs to strengthen the production and economic base, and increase the number of subjects of the real sector of the economy, which will increase the amount of taxes and fees received by the budget. Also, one of the trends in the development of the national and regional financial system is the formation of large-scale financial and economic ecosystems.

Key words: financial system, regional budget, budget revenues.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.008

XU HONG Professor of the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China

MAITDINOVA GUZEL Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy Russian-Tajik (Slavic) University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

ZHANG YUE Master's student at the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China

THE INTEGRATION OF THE "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" INITIATIVE AND THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION IS A NEW IMPETUS FOR A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC REGION

The article analyzes the global Chinese initiative "One Belt, One Road" (OPOP), aimed at creating the "Silk Road Economic Belt" together with the states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The initiative involves closer economic cooperation between the new Central Asian states and China, the implementation of projects for the development of road transport, rail and air communication between Central Asia and China; the development of oil and gas production and other minerals, cooperation in agriculture, free movement of goods, capital and services. The article deals with the problems of linking the "OPOP" with the Eurasian Economic Union, designed to harmonize trade and economic cooperation, stimulate infrastructure investments and humanitarian cooperation. The authors conclude that the pairing of the two integration projects will contribute to the formation of "economic content" in the process of pairing the EAEU.

Key words: Eurasian Economic Union, integration, One Belt, One Road, interface, cooperation, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.009

A.A. AMIANTOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

I.R. RABADANOV Political scientist, expert of the expert council of the Committee Federation Council for Defense and Security, specialist in international relations, Moscow, Russia

Sh.J. SODIKOV PhD in Law, Expert of the Russian International Affairs Council, Analyst of the Center for Military and Political Studies, MGIMO, Moscow, Russia

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN MOLDOVA AND POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

The article analyzes the current political processes in the Republic of Moldova and Gagauzia, as well as Moldova's relations with the Russian Federation. The paper examines aspects of the foreign policy impact of Western countries on domestic processes in Moldova, and also reveals the legal foundations of cooperation between Russia and Moldova, including at the parliamentary level.

Key words: Russian Federation, Republic of Moldova, language, religion, culture, foreign policy, political process, international cooperation, international agreements, Parliament.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.010

V.A. SOLOVIEVA Student, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

A.V. VOVENDA Associate Professor, PhD in Political Science, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

"ICE SILK ROAD" IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ARCTIC STRATEGY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

This article describes the large-scale project "Ice Silk Road" within the framework of the Arctic strategy of China. The "Ice Silk Road" 2018 was included in the White paper on China's policy in the Arctic region. The aim of the study is to identify the role of the Ice Silk Road project within the framework of China's Arctic Strategy, as well as the advantages of its interface with the Russian Northern Sea Route. Results: The role of the Arctic region in modern international relations is analyzed. The reasons for China's interest in pursuing Arctic policy are highlighted, as well as the advantages of combining the Ice Silk Road and the Northern Sea Route projects to implement the tasks assigned to the states. The importance of Chinese-Russian cooperation in the development of the Arctic is determined. The growing relevance of the Arctic region motivates China to take an active part in its development, which is much easier and more profitable to do in tandem with Russia.

Key words: Arctic policy, Northern Sea Route, Ice Silk Road, China, Russia, Arctic Ocean, navigation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.011

О.E. GAFAROV Junior Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Scientific and Analytical Information, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF TURKIC STATES AND THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF COOPERATION

The article discusses the policy of the Republic of Turkey towards the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Turkmenistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan within the framework of the «Summit of Turkic Speaking States», which was initiated by President Turgut Ozal in 1992. The main task is to analyze the period of formation of this platform into an institutional structure called the "Turkic Council", which will be renamed in 2021 as the Organization of Turkic States. Now this platform has already become a full-fledged international structure with its own development strategy until 2040.

Conclusion: Turkic-speaking countries seek to expand and strengthen cooperation among themselves from the outset, but they face various political problems and contradictions. In this regard, to determine how quickly the Organization of Turkic States is ready to transform, it is enough to look at the signed declarations and their implementation. The declarative and recommendatory level of the signed documents remains the main obstacle to further institutionalization and, in general, the implementation of projects and ideas in the Turkic world. This is primarily due to the fact that the goals of the countries participating in the organization are different.

Key words: Turkey, Turkic Council, Organization of Turkic States, the Ankara Declaration, energy sector, transport and logistics sector.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.012

H.A. ABBASOV Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

INTEGRATION OF TRANSNATIONAL YOUTH IN THE SOCIAL FIELD OF THE HOST COUNTRY: CASE OF CENTRAL ASIAN STUDENTS STUDYING IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The dynamic nature of modern transnational processes defines a new model of socio-political interactions that allows young people to form a virtual socio-political movement in a matter of hours, applying innovative tools of socio-political impact, lobbying their initiatives through new media platforms, and expanding the role of non-institutional actors as new means of political participation. The development and intensification of transnational movements in political, social, and cultural processes have also reduced the time and resources needed to transmit social and political values. Accordingly, young people have received an effective tool for involving their peers in the early stages of integration into the transnational ‘field,’ consolidating cultural and information spaces and facilitating the universalization of behavioral patterns. The study provides an insightful analysis of how digital technologies transform the experience of transnational youth and their sense of belonging, identifies critical elements of the digital diaspora's social infrastructure, and specifies transnational youth's virtual behavioral patterns. The methodological basis of the study includes a secondary analysis of studies on communication and inclusion of Central Asian students studying in Russia with the receiving and sending parties.

Key words: youth, digital diaspora, non-institutional actors, socio-political impact, transnational identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.013

A.O. HYEON Student of the Department of International Relations and Customs Affairs, Baikal State University (BSU), Irkutsk, Russia

Y.A. SHITIKOVA Assistant of the Department of Russian and Intercultural Communication, Baikal State University (BSU), Irkutsk, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF TAOISM ON MODERN CHINA

In today's world, we still use the principles extant in the philosophical teachings of great philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Socrates and other thinkers, but there are also more ancient trends which were formed as far back as ancient China, in particular Taoism. In Chinese, Taoism sounds like dao-jiao and represents the principles of wu-wei, which we understand as non-doing, depending on the natural order of things in nature and the desire for permanence. Taoism was the earliest teaching in China, originating with Lao-zi in the Zhou period. The existence of the creator of the Chinese doctrine is covered in legend, from his birth to the writing of the creation that became the source of Taoism, the Dao De Jing treatise. The basis for the story of the old man is a work by Sima Jian entitled Historical Records, in which Lao-zi himself is represented as a sage born in his old age and working in the archive of the Zhou palace. It is possible that it was the Taoist patriarch who gave advice to Confucius himself and led a life of seclusion. The legacy of Taoism and its creator is still preserved in Chinese society both as the Dao De Jing itself, whose postulates are used by Chinese politicians in international relations, and as the cultural heritage of the surviving temples in which Taoists still exist and, popular not only in China but around the world, the genre of xianxia.

Key words: Taoism, Taoists, Dao De Jing, Lao Zi, dao-jiao, qigong, treatise, Sima Qian.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.014

K.A. PRONINA Student of the direction «Economics» profile «Enterprise Economics and Entrepreneurship» Faculty of Economics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF PRICING IN THE MARKET OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The specificity of the market of educational services is determined by the formation of the intellectual potential of society, the competition of organizations that carry out educational activities. Equally important is the question of the interaction of supply and demand, the problem of accessibility of educational services for different groups of the population with a certain level of income. The article considers industry and regional factors that have a direct impact on the cost of educational services, the formation of value, a statistical analysis of Moscow universities is carried out. As a result of the study, the use of a limited set of pricing tools in the educational services market was revealed, which negatively affects the achievement of the goal of the segment itself: the wide satisfaction of consumer needs. Probable mechanisms for reducing the cost of educational services that are most popular among recipients are proposed.

Key words: pricing, national economy, market of educational services, cost of education, competitiveness.

CONFERENCES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.49.3.015

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES INVITED FUTURE ORIENTALISTS AT THE OPEN DAY