№ 7 (53), 2023

Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 12, Issue 7 (53), 2023

CONTENTS

POLICY

Furman F.P., Furman T.G. Some Questions in an Attempt to Understand Human Perception and the National Idea in the Development of Political and Philosophical Thought in Modern Russia
Wenzel S.V. Technologies for Countering the Spread of Political Extremism in the New Media Environment
Sklyarova S.A. Ensuring Food Security as One of the Policy Guidelines
Odinokov M.D., Trifonov A.D. The Role of Conservative Institutions of Civil Society and the Party System in the Consolidation of Russian Society in Conditions of Instability in the World Political Space

WORLD ECONOMY

Lobanov B.A. Scientific and Technical Cooperation of the BRICS+ Countries in Modern Transformations of the World Economy
Tolmachev O.L. The Evolution of the Principles of Sustainable Development of Enterprises in Modern Conditions
Feng Shuhan. The Impact of Digital Economic Management on Global Economic Development in the Digital Economy
Khojaeva D.A. Development of Cotton Clusters as a Priority Vector of the Economy of the Republic of Tajikistan
Zhang Zehong. Determinants of the Impact of Globalization Processes on International Finance
Chenfang. Public Infrastructure and Regional Economic Development
Hasanov Javid. Prospects for Overcoming Current Fiscal Problems in the EU
Gurobazarov B.B. Economic Cooperation Between Russia and APAC Countries in the Energy Field
Saenko A.N. Private Sector Development in Africa and Support for the African Development Bank
Fatkhullina D.V. Tourism and Self-Branding of Oman in the Context of Soft Power Policy
Luchian V. Legal Aspects of Economic Sanctions or Restrictions on Exports of "Live Animals": Romanian Case

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

Tushkov A.A., Tikhonov M.L., Romanyuk A.A., Nemchaninov A.S. Modern Military-Technological Sphere and Artificial Intelligence: the Role of Russia's Place in Global Competition
Zvereva I.V., Provotorova M.A., Vovenda A.V. Russia's Foreign Trade Activities with the EAEU Countries: Key Export and Import Indicators
Tovsultanov R.A., Tovsultanova M.Sh., Galimova L.N. Recep Tayyip Erdogan: a Charismatic Leader Between Populism and Political Pragmatism
Sulaiman S.I.M. Geopolitical Situation and its Impact on the Residents of Jerusalem City in Palestine
Xu Hong, Wang Yifan. The Integration of the "One Belt, One Road" and the Eurasian Economic Union: the State and Prospects
Bayramli N.S. The Concept of “Soft Power” and its Importance in the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Egorova M.R. Information War as a Threat to the National Security of the Country in the Modern World on the Example of the Conflicts of the XXI Century
Litvin L.A. The Conflictuality Transformation and Non-State Actors in the Modern World
Paramuzova O.G. The ESG Concept and its Applicability of the ESG Concept and the Concept of Nuclear Non-Proliferation in the Field of Peaceful Nuclear Activities (Legal Aspects of Law-Making and Law Enforcement)
Shakurova N.E. Internal and External Threats to Russia's National Security in Modern Conditions
Zhou Qingchao. Research on the Taiwan Issue Under the New Situation of Sino-US Relations
Wang Mingjun. Sino-Vietnamese Vassal Relations as a Form of Political Governance

STUDENT SCIENCE

Baranova Yu.V., Khramenko E.A. Priority Directions of Economic Cooperation Between the Republic of Korea and Saudi Arabia
Karaev A.A., Volzhanin D.A. A "U-Turn to the East" or the First Results of the Western Sanctions Policy Towards Russia
Nikonenkova N.I. Challenges of the Defense Industry Complex Development in the Republic of Korea
Polischuk D.I., Mandrisa A.V. Features of the Emergence of a Border Conflict in the Political System of the State: Genesis, Features and Consequences
Sivogorlo I.A. The April Revolution of 1960 and the Seoul Spring of 1980 as Attempts to Democratize the Republic of Korea
Xudongyue. The Impact of Scientific and Technological Development on the Transformation of International Relations
Jia Xilong. Cultural Security of Modern Russia as an Element of National Security

REVIEWS

Zhigulskaya D.V., Ravandi-Fadai L.M. Book Review by the First President of Iraqi Kurdistan Masoud Barzani “Claiming Your Rights. Question of Referendum in Kurdistan"

Our authors № 7-2023

POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.001

F.P. FURMAN Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Theory of Social Sciences of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

T.G. FURMAN Candidate of Cultural Studies, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative Law of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

SOME QUESTIONS IN AN ATTEMPT TO UNDERSTAND HUMAN PERCEPTION AND THE NATIONAL IDEA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT IN MODERN RUSSIA

In the history of mankind, much indicates that the understanding of man and the knowledge of his nature is associated with the socio-historical situation of man and the level of development, as well as the way of realization of human consciousness. Philosophy is directly or indirectly anthropological research, i.e. it carries out directly, having as an object of study directly human nature, or indirectly, studying any other manifestations in the light of man and the anthropic principle. The world is proportional to man, and through the study of human nature, the ways of interaction with the universe, can be made a significant contribution to the understanding of the essence of man. If we consider a person as a cultural being, which is focused primarily on the development of their own values, through the understanding and practical application of philosophical thought, can be gradually changed rather narrow horizon of philosophy of consciousness.

Key words: philosophy of perception, national uniqueness, national idea, perception, person, views, metaphysics, representation, philosophical context.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.002

S.V. WENZEL Head of the Analytical and Educational Activities Department NCPTI FGANU Research Institute "Spetsvuzavtomatika", Moscow, Russia

TECHNOLOGIES FOR COUNTERING THE SPREAD OF POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN THE NEW MEDIA ENVIRONMENT

The presented research is devoted to the issue of building an effective system to counter the spread of political extremism in the environment of new media. The author formulates four main groups of technologies that make it possible to implement the tasks set to counter threats of an extremist nature in the environment of new media, including among young people.

Key words: political extremism, new media, technologies, countering extremism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.003

S.A. SKLYAROVA Assistant at the Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia

ENSURING FOOD SECURITY AS ONE OF THE POLICY GUIDELINES

In this article, ensuring the industrial security of the state is considered as a guideline for the political course, which is a pressing issue, since, despite the rapid pace of technological progress, the spread of artificial intelligence, neural networks, food supply for the population retains the status of an acute problem as the population increases. First, the author defines the conceptual apparatus, giving a definition of food security, food security and food policy, as well as delimiting these concepts. A systematic literature review and content analysis carried out revealed that political security as a vector and guideline of the political course is implemented through a number of government measures that are listed in the article. It was also revealed that the state, as an economic, social and political institution, performs a number of important functions in the field of food security policy, each function is discussed in the text of the article. Based on the research carried out with the aim of improving food security within the framework of the internal policy of the Russian Federation, the author offers a number of recommendations that represent general principles adapted to the circumstances of a particular region or region. The author emphasizes the role of cooperation between government agencies, the private sector, international organizations and civil society in achieving food security goals.

Key words: food supply, food security, domestic policy, political course, state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.004

M.D. ODINOKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Educational institution of trade unions of higher education "Academy of Labor and Social Relations" Moscow, Russia

A.D. TRIFONOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology Educational institution of trade unions of higher education "Academy of Labor and Social Relations" Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF CONSERVATIVE INSTITUTIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PARTY SYSTEM IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY IN CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY IN THE WORLD POLITICAL SPACE

The increasing level of geopolitical instability, complex macroeconomic environment and new challenges for Russia strengthen the role of civil society institutions and party system, which are the basis of social and political cohesion and resilience of the state. The study of this topic takes place within the framework of the current political conjuncture. The main emphasis is placed on the role of conservative civil society institutions and a reformed party system in strengthening the sustainability of modern Russian society. The analysis proves the significance of these institutions in the current geopolitical transformations.

Key words: institutions, party system, party, ideology, politics, conservatism, state, civil society.

WORLD ECONOMY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.005

B.A. LOBANOV PhD student, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION OF THE BRICS+ COUNTRIES IN MODERN TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY

Rapidly changing economic and political relations have prompted the exploration of new ways of scientific and technical cooperation in the developing BRICS+ association, which in recent years has looked like an alternative for Russia. The article describes the prospects and possible areas of development of scientific and technical cooperation of the participating countries and applicants for membership in BRICS+. The main indicators are GDP, PPP GDP, GDP per capita and the innovation index, which sufficiently describe the economic condition of countries and their involvement in the development of science. Thanks to the innovation index, it is possible to analyze most of the industries that affect the development of science and compare them with other countries. Based on all the indicators, the analysis of the main advantages of the countries in the scientific and technical industry and their economic indicators was carried out. The annual values of the main indicators for the BRICS+ countries are presented. The center countries that can ensure the scientific and technical development of the entire community have been identified. The analysis of data that characterize the development of the scientific and technical sphere in the countries and identified industries that, with the cooperation of the participating countries, can develop rapidly and have an impact on the development of their economies.

Key words: scientific and technical cooperation, BRICS+, GDP, innovation index, development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.006

O.L. TOLMACHEV Ph.D., Professor, University "Synergy", Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN MODERN CONDITIONS

In this article, the author examines the features of the evolution of the principles of sustainable development of enterprises in modern conditions. To do this, the author analyzes the general characteristics of modern enterprise development, focusing on enterprises in the industrial sector, and also considers the principles of sustainable development directly, characterizes them. In conclusion, the author formulates conclusions about the prospects for further development of this area.

Key words: sustainable development, industry, industrial enterprises, current state, digital transformation, economy, principles of sustainable development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.007

FENG SHUHAN Master G.F. Morozov Voronezh State Forest Engineering University, Voronezh, Russia

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ON GLOBAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

The article discusses issues related to the digitalization of society and management. The purpose of the study is to study the impact of digital economic management on global economic development in the digital economy. The main research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others. The concept of "Digital economy" is defined. The article examines the impact of digitalization on various aspects of society and the state. The main areas of digital management in society have been studied. Financial management tools and their use by various subjects of the market economy are considered. The advantages of the digital economy and digital governance in the aspect of globalization of economic development are studied. The key problems associated with the management process in the conditions of digitalization of society, faced by the state, the population and organizations in modern conditions, are noted. The author emphasizes the importance of the transition of many industrial enterprises to a new path of development in the digital economy with the possibility of using a process approach in management. The stages of introduction of new digital management technologies are considered. The main groups of innovative digital management technologies have been studied. The author of the article concludes about the application of an integrated approach in economic management in the conditions of digitalization, based on actions on the part of state authorities, local self-government, heads of organizations and enterprises. This is the only way to achieve the greatest efficiency and get the maximum profit.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the impact of digital economic management on global economic development in the digital economy.

Methods: Basic research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: The influence of digital economic management on global economic development in the digital economy has been studied, the main features of this process and features have been identified.

Conclusions: Digitalization has made a huge contribution to the development of society and the state. It gave an impetus to the development of many business processes, increased the efficiency of many links in the production chain, transformed socio-economic relations. In order for this process to be effective, it is necessary to have competent digital economic management, which should be based on the principles of management, process management and the system of economic security of the enterprise.

Key words: society, state, development, prospects, digital economy, management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.008

D.A. KHOJAEVA Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Tajik State University of Law, Business and Politics Khujand city, Republic of Tajikistan

DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON CLUSTERS AS A PRIORITY VECTOR OF THE ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

In this article, cotton clusters and their development are considered as a priority vector of the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that agriculture in Tajikistan, especially cotton cultivation, is traditional in nature and is influenced by climatic factors and soil characteristics. The study defines the conceptual framework and defines the cotton cluster and its participants. The completed systematic literature review and content analysis revealed that cotton clusters have already proven their effectiveness in the international arena; the article presents countries with successful experience in this direction. An analysis of the current state of cotton clusters in the economy of Tajikistan revealed a number of trends, which are also described in the work. Based on the completed systematic literature review and content analysis with the aim of improving cotton clusters as a priority vector of the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan, in conclusion, the author offers a number of recommendations: creating conditions for farmers so that they can use modern agricultural machinery and equipment; conducting training programs and consultations for farmers; support for the development and distribution of modern cotton varieties; providing affordable credit and financial support to farmers and cooperatives; development of marketing mechanisms for cotton products, including brand creation, quality certification and search for new markets; encouraging compliance with environmental standards in cotton production.

Key words: Republic of Tajikistan, cotton cultivation, cotton cluster, cotton plant, cotton export.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.009

ZHANG ZEHONG Master, International Finance, School of International Economic Relations, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

DETERMINANTS OF THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES ON INTERNATIONAL FINANCE

The article implements a theoretical analysis of the determinants of the impact of globalization processes on international finance, which organize the modern global space of economic and financial relations. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to analyze and detect the determinants of the impact of globalization processes on international finance in connection with the transformation of the geopolitical and international economic space. The object of research is international finance. The subject of the study is the determinants of the influence of globalization processes. The purpose of the study is to reveal the meaning and significance of the determinants of the impact of globalization processes on international finance. The study reveals that the banking and financial systems are the blood vessels of the entire economy and international trade and global financial centers. This is one of the ways to solve the problems of financial development and integration, which is why the analysis aimed at identifying the main determinants of global financial centers within the framework of the development of international finance is of paramount importance for understanding and strategy of social development. The determinants of the impact of globalization processes on international finance and their characteristics are highlighted.

Key words: international finance, globalization, financial center, international trade, welfare.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.010

CHENFANG Graduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

This article reveals the concept “infrastructure” and identifies the features of its regional development. The article analyzes the total socio-economic potential of the region’s development in accordance with a number of key factors that affect the formation of regional infrastructure positively. In the process of analyzing the nine main factors of regional economic development, it is concluded that the development of regional infrastructure affects the economic growth and social development of the region and the quality of life of the population as well. The negative aspects of the economic development of the region, affecting the quality of infrastructure, given in the article, form strategic directions of its development.

Key words: public infrastructure, regional infrastructure, economic development, resources, innovations, investments.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.011

HASANOV JAVID Postgraduate student, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR OVERCOMING CURRENT FISCAL PROBLEMS IN THE EU

In this study, the author critically evaluates the main problems currently facing the European Union, and also proposes effective solutions for their subsequent effective overcoming. Through meticulous research, the author carefully analyzes these issues using a multi-faceted framework that includes important concepts such as fiscal policy, European cooperation, integration, taxation and monetary policy. Focusing on the European Union's historical experience with financial crises, the study highlights the need to develop robust and responsive fiscal policies that can enhance the resilience and stability of the European economic landscape. In the course of the study, the author applies general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, conducts historical analysis, and also compares various methods of overcoming current problems in the European Union. The author argues that the European Union has overcome three crises that influenced the formation of its fiscal policy. Thus, there are three different paths for the future formulation of fiscal policy in the EU: full fiscal union, limited integration and improved flexibility of the real economy. Each alternative has pros and cons explored in this study, which will have different impacts on EU fiscal policy.

Key words: European Union, crisis, integration, fiscal policy, economic flexibility, monetary policy, euro, risk management, public finance, alternatives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.012

B.B. GUROBAZAROV Postgraduate student of BIP SB RAS, Moscow, Russia

ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND APAC COUNTRIES IN THE ENERGY FIELD

The article researches Russia's interaction with the member states of the Asia-Pacific region (APR) in the field of energy. The author analyzes the main areas of cooperation and their impact on the economic development of Russia and APR countries. The article also examines the important characteristics of each APR country, including their need for energy resources, energy infrastructure and political factors that affect cooperation. The author analyzes changes in regional energy policies and their impact on the economies of Russia and the APR countries. The article also emphasizes Russia's role in energy cooperation and its potential for further development of relations with APR states.

Key words: economy, economic cooperation, APR, energy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.013

A.N. SAENKO RAS Institute of Africa Junior Researcher, Moscow, Russia

PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA AND SUPPORT FOR THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

The article analyzes the adopted Strategy for the Development of the Private Sector in Africa in order to study further capacity building. It is emphasized that the responsible structures should continue to make efforts aimed at creating a favorable climate for direct investment and for the development of the private sector in the country.

The private sector is mainly seen as an important contributor to Africa's economic growth. However, the problem of financing was identified as a serious obstacle to its development. The author of the article pays attention to the opportunities and role of the African Development Bank as the main tool for private sector growth. The mission of this bank is to fight poverty and improve living conditions on the continent by encouraging public and private capital investments in projects and programs that can contribute to the economic and social development of the region. The African Development Bank is a provider of financial services to African Governments and private companies investing in the member countries of the region.

The role of finance in promoting private sector development in Africa is examined and obstacles to increasing access to financial services in Africa are discussed. The planned measures to improve the private sector in Africa are listed.

Key words: private sector, African Development Bank, potential, development, financing, Private sector development strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.014

D.V. FATKHULLINA Graduate of the department's graduate school history of the countries of the Near and Middle East ISAA MSU, Moscow, Russia

TOURISM AND SELF-BRANDING OF OMAN IN THE CONTEXT OF SOFT POWER POLICY

This article examines the peculiarities of Oman's tourism branding from the perspective of soft power policy. The author points out that the course of the sultanate in the context of the concept under consideration implies the strategic use of culture, education, diplomacy and other means to achieve indirect influence beyond its borders. It is concluded that tourism, as an instrument of soft power policy, helps the state to establish cultural ties with other countries and promotes the dialog of different cultures. This approach strengthens Oman's diplomatic ties and positive reputation in the world.

Key words: soft power, Oman, Persian Gulf, tourism, Omani foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.020

V. LUCHIAN Postgraduate degree, department of world economy and international business, faculty of international business, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

LEGAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON EXPORTS OF "LIVE ANIMALS": ROMANIAN CASE

Romania is a leader in exporting "Live animals". The country is part of the group of global leaders in exporting live sheep, goats, as well as young cattle. The main part of the live animals’ products, almost entirely, is exported to the countries of the Arab Gulf and Maghreb. But in terms of import volume "Meat and edible organs" products are the most significant food group that has a negative contribution to Romania's agri-food trade balance over the past 30-year.

Existing problem in the EU regarding the restrictions on the export of live animals. The problem arose as a result of an investigation presented by Animals International, an Australian non-governmental organization with branches all over the world. The investigation, conducted in 2017, concerned the manner in which transportation as well as slaughter of live animals exported from the EU, especially Romania, to the Middle East and North Africa countries.

The European Commission has imposed a series of economic restrictions on live meat exporters from Romania, Spain, France and Portugal. In this series, a legitimate question arises as to the overall validity of the term "economic sanctions" against states or their economic entities.

The basic question that the author of the article focused attention on the legal nature of "economic sanctions", "retaliation" or "economic restrictions". The author of the article brings for consideration the statement about the lack of validity of the application of the term "economic sanctions" both in the theoretical doctrinal circulation and in the framework of foreign trade interstate activity.

The use of measures of direct pressure on states, which are systematically in economic doctrine are labeled as "international sanctions", in the context of public international law, are not sanctions.

Key words: UN, European Commission, Romania, Spain, France, Portugal, Middle East, North Africa, Maghreb, Animals International, agriculture, retaliation, economic sanctions, economic restrictions, foreign trade, live animals export.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.015

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor. Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

M.L. TIKHONOV Doctor of Military Sciences Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

A.A. ROMANYUK Candidate of Military Sciences Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

A.S. NEMCHANINOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, doctoral student Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

MODERN MILITARY-TECHNOLOGICAL SPHERE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE ROLE OF RUSSIA'S PLACE IN GLOBAL COMPETITION

In the proposed article, the authors reveal an urgent topic concerning the complex of problems of ensuring the competitiveness of the Russian technological and digital industries. It is based on the task of protecting the country's technological and digital sovereignty, which is fully the task of Russia's survival in the coming decades. The sharp confrontation between the United States and its satellites against Russia has become the norm in the economic struggle and diplomacy of the West. The clashes in the markets of chips, 5G technologies and artificial intelligence represent the reincarnation of traditional interstate conflicts, while detonation represents an uncompromising struggle between multinational corporations and states. In the article, the authors consider these problems from the point of view of ensuring the role and place of Russia in the modern military-technological sphere and artificial intelligence. Exploring this topic, the authors examined it from an economic, political and military perspective, which are entirely connected to a single.

Key words: ICT industry, existential threats, digital platform, military-technological sphere.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.016

I.V. ZVEREVA Student, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

M.A. PROVOTOROVA Student, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

A.V. VOVENDA Associate Professor, PhD in Political Science, High School of international relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

RUSSIA'S FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITIES WITH THE EAEU COUNTRIES: KEY EXPORT AND IMPORT INDICATORS

The aim of the research due to the desire to characterize Russia's foreign trade within the framework of economic cooperation with the EAEU countries, whose states have been making a successful attempt to build profitable economic cooperation since 2015 and recover from the crisis caused by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking into account all factors, forecasts are made related to the potential of the single market to achieve the goals of the EAEU. The results of the study. An important place in the study of this issue is occupied by the structure of Russia's imports and exports within the framework of foreign trade activities with the EAEU countries, which has a key role in the formation of economic relations between the participating countries. The relevance of the topic is due to the state of the interstate partnership of nuclear power plants before the COVID-19 pandemic, when countries still had the opportunity to fully support cooperation for complete development, and after the pandemic, being in economic isolation.

Key words: Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), Eurasian integration, interstate cooperation, foreign trade, export, import, COVID-19 pandemic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.017

R.A. TOVSULTANOV Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of Modern and Contemporary History Department, Kadyrov Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia

M.SH. TOVSULTANOVA Lecturer of Foreign Languages Department, Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russia

L.N. GALIMOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of SGBN-1 “History” of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman (national research university), Moscow, Russia

RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN: A CHARISMATIC LEADER BETWEEN POPULISM AND POLITICAL PRAGMATISM

The article reveals the typology of the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan as a charismatic leader, the key milestones of his political biography and possible prospects for the development of his further actions. His young years and activities in the youth wing of the Islamist National Salvation Party had a great influence on the formation of the politician. By the beginning of the 2000s. R.T. Erdogan managed to overcome the influence of the principles of his teacher N. Erbakan and form a party that absorbed Islamic conservative and democratic liberal values in its political program. The first decade of the reign of R.T. Erdogan was marked by success in domestic, economic and foreign policy. However, the "Arab spring" inspired the Turkish president to intensify his foreign policy, positioning himself as a common Muslim leader. Neo-Ottomanist populism gained momentum. References in the idea of the revival of Turkish greatness allowed R.T. Erdogan to repeatedly win elections, crush the 2016 coup, and get a vote of confidence to amend the Turkish Constitution, concentrating most of the power in the hands of the president by 2017. The peak of the political power of the Turkish president can be considered 2020, when Azerbaijan, with the help of Turkey, won the Second Karabakh War. However, the Covid-19 epidemic and R.T. Erdogan led to a drop in living standards in Turkey and his own popularity in the country. The 2023 elections were the most difficult in the political biography of the Turkish leader, which, according to the authors, will lead to serious adjustments in his domestic and foreign policies, which, however, does not pose serious threats to the development of Russian-Turkish relations, especially in the energy sector.

Key words: Erdogan, charisma, leadership, populism, Islam, elections, Russian-turkish relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.018

S.I.M. SULAIMAN Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RESIDENTS OF JERUSALEM CITY IN PALESTINE

This article examines the identification of Israeli policies implemented on the ground, represented by colonial settlements and bypass roads, land confiscation, annexation wall and racial expansion, in addition to the administrative classification of areas in the West Bank that will affect these areas, especially the housing sector, and in this The study will attempt to shed light on the impact of this situation on the housing sector in: Space allocation, expansion and settlement of housing across cities and its geographical distribution, housing services and challenges facing this sector, an attempt to develop a vision for the future of this sector in the city based on on a historical, descriptive and analytical approach.

Key words: housing sector, geopolitical situation, Palestinian communities, Jerusalem, conflict, Israel, separation wall.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.019

XU HONG Professor of the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China

WANG YIFAN Master's student at the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China

THE INTEGRATION OF THE "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" AND THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION: THE STATE AND PROSPECTS

This article is devoted to the problem of coupling two major international megaprojects. Ten years have passed since Chinese Leader Xi Jinping announced the idea of the mega-project "One Belt, One Road" (OBOR). It is noted that over the past time, certain successes have been achieved in the implementation of the largest international project. Three Forums were held in Beijing with the participation of top officials of dozens of states and international organizations and institutions of various fields. It is emphasized that most of the land part of the OBOR passes through the territory of the states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It is concluded that in ensuring the strategic vision of the integration of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Chinese initiative "One Belt, One Road", it is necessary to base on the fact that international economic partnership should be based on the principles of harmonization of interests and mutually beneficial cooperation.

Key words: One belt, one road, Eurasian Economic Union, Greater Eurasian Space, interconnection, China, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.021

N.S. BAYRAMLI Graduate student of the Higher School of International Relations Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; head of sector Northwestern Institute of Management RANEPA, Chairman of the Azerbaijan Center for Humanitarian cooperation, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF “SOFT POWER” AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

The article is devoted to identifying the significance of “soft power” in the system of modern international relations and its role in the foreign policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The purpose of the article is to determine the potential of the “soft power” of the Republic of Azerbaijan and its importance for the foreign policy of the state.

Tasks. Disclosure of the content of the concept of “soft power”, identification of the main directions for the implementation of the concept of “soft power” in the foreign policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Methodology. The work uses logical and comparative analysis, the method of working with regulations.

Results. The author reveals the concept and significance of “soft power” in the modern system of international relations, and also seeks to show the efforts of the leadership of the Republic of Azerbaijan to promote “soft power” in the international arena.

Conclusions. It can be concluded that over the last decade Azerbaijan has been actively investing in the formation of a positive international image of the republic, in the development of its economy and politics, in the popularization and dissemination of Azerbaijani culture. “Soft power” has become one of the main tools for popularizing the Republic of Azerbaijan in the international arena.

Key words: “soft power”, Republic of Azerbaijan, Joseph Nye, president, cooperation, head of state, public diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.022

M.R. EGOROVA Senior lecturer of the Department of English at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

INFORMATION WAR AS A THREAT TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY IN THE MODERN WORLD ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CONFLICTS OF THE XXI CENTURY

This work reflects the specifics of information warfare as a threat to national security. These dangers are considered in the context of modern conflicts of the XXI century. The international community is characterized by many contradictions, which are expressed in armed conflicts and wars of various kinds, including informational ones. The paper defines the difference between information warfare and armed warfare and the differentiation of methods of their impact on the security of the state. The results of the information war, the main socio-economic and political threats are also analyzed.

The author relies on the concepts of "information threat" and "information war" in terms of ensuring information security in the global general political space. The article reveals the content of armed and information conflicts and their reflection in international information content, as well as the impact on social development and foreign policy of the state.

The purpose of the work is to analyze the content of the information war as a reflection of the information security of modernity. The object of the study we defined national security, the subject is the impact of information warfare on national security.

Key words: information war, national security, modern conflicts, safe space, cyberattacks, information threat, tactical manipulation, strategy for reduction, military-political goals, information weapons.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.023

L.A. LITVIN Associate Professor for the Department of Political and Regional science, PhD in Political science Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Lugansk State Pedagogical University», Lugansk, Luhansk People's Republic, Russia

THE CONFLICTUALITY TRANSFORMATION AND NON-STATE ACTORS IN THE MODERN WORLD

The changes that are taking place in the modern socio-political space affect the fundamental foundations of statehood. One of the main factors in this is globalization, which, among other risks, increases conflict. Conflicts are becoming more complicated, becoming multifactorial and multicomponent. The purpose of this article is to analyze the transformational practices of modern conflicts, as well as the role of non-state actors in the conflictogenicity of the modern political process. There is a general intensification of confrontations based on value and cultural principles, which are based on the conflict of identities. At the same time, several trends are being realized: the increase in the number of conflicts, their localization and the transformation of their content. The main vector has been changed, the role of non-state actors is being strengthened, and conflict is being transformed. In the conflict dimension, these processes can be described within the category of «asymmetry of political conflicts», when the conflict is characterized by a significant imbalance of the political and legal statuses and forces of the parties. The main goal of the state is to prevent the weakening of state sovereignty and the collapse of statehood, during which the system of official legal institutions is replaced by alternative structures.

Key words: political conflict, non-state conflict, political actors, non-state actors, transformation, sovereignty, conflictogenicity, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.024

O.G. PARAMUZOVA Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department Jurisprudence, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Northwestern Institute of Management RANEPA), St. Petersburg, Russia

THE ESG CONCEPT AND ITS APPLICABILITY OF THE ESG CONCEPT AND THE CONCEPT OF NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION IN THE FIELD OF PEACEFUL NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES (LEGAL ASPECTS OF LAW-MAKING AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)

The present study is aimed at a legal assessment of the importance of the ESG concept and the concept of nuclear non-proliferation in a broad sense in determining the prospects for their application in the context of reducing the risks of radioactive pollution of the environment because of peaceful nuclear activities. Within the framework of this article, the fundamental international and national legal acts on this topic were reviewed and subjected to research analysis, conclusions were drawn and proposals were formulated to improve the legal field in the field of peaceful atom, the need for further development of nuclear energy in the world was stated, provided that the legal culture in general and the culture of nuclear safety in particular were improved. At the same time, the importance of guiding the concepts discussed in the article was noted.

Key words: ESG concept, nuclear nonproliferation concept in a broad sense, environmental protection from radioactive contamination, peaceful nuclear activities, IAEA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.025

N.E. SHAKUROVA Associate Professor, Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Law, State University of Education (SUE), Moscow, Russia

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL THREATS TO RUSSIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the system of internal and external threats to the national security of the Russian Federation, as well as changes in the system of protection from these threats, starting from the 1997 concept and its subsequent revisions. In particular, it examines the reduction of security spheres, the constitutional changes of 2020 that clarify the legal aspects of information and international security, as well as an academic perspective on the three-element subject of protecting national interests. The article also discusses five criteria for the classification of the national security system, recognized by the legal scientific community.

Key words: national security, Russian Federation, constitutional changes, information security, international security, legal science, national security system, three-element subject of protection, threat classification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.026

ZHOU QINGCHAO Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Studies Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

RESEARCH ON THE TAIWAN ISSUE UNDER THE NEW SITUATION OF SINO-US RELATIONS

Since 2018, trade measures taken by the United States against China have led to ongoing trade tensions between the two sides. In this situation, China's territorial integrity was once threatened. Faced with China-US relations and the Taiwan issue, China must comprehensively analyze and take into account the numerous issues and deal with them properly. China must demonstrate its strong will and determination to safeguard national unity, exercise wisdom and courage to promote the correct resolution of the Taiwan issue, maintain territorial integrity and peace, and at the same time promote the harmonious, long-term and stable development of China-US relations and contribution to international peace. The article is devoted to the consideration of the Taiwan issue in current Chinese-American relations, the existing areas of cooperation and contradictions between the PRC and the United States in the new situation are examined, and forecasts are given regarding the prospects for the development of the Taiwan issue in bilateral relations between the PRC and the United States.

Key words: Sino-US relations, new situation, Taiwan issue.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.027

WANG MINGJUN Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations, Institute of Humanities, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St. Petersburg, Russia

SINO-VIETNAMESE VASSAL RELATIONS AS A FORM OF POLITICAL GOVERNANCE

The relationship between China and neighboring states had the character of a suzerain and a vassal. These relations are characterized by feudal times and are called "fan Guangxi zones" in Chinese. Relations between China and Vietnam have an ancient history. The basis of China's relations with neighboring countries is characterized by the word "barbarians". This concept included the peoples adjacent to China, and the Chinese authorities treated them as vassals. According to the territorial location, two terms can be distinguished – the nearest "fen" and the farthest "shu", and the system itself with vassal territories is called "fan guangxi zones". The translation from Chinese means "relations with close and distant vassals." These relations included a certain ceremonial for the ambassadors of the sub-territorial territories and the presentation of gifts and gifts. This model of relations had a long historical path and originated during the reign of the Qin and Han dynasties. There are two types of "fan guanxi zones". The first, characterized by feudal and dynastic relations and manifested between the central government of China and local minorities, was exclusively internal in nature. The second one refers to territories outside the territory of China and was dynastic in nature. The Fan Guangxi zone system was an important factor for the vassal territory and was imposed by China. During the operation of the Fan Guanxi zones, foreign monarchs were vassal heads of their territories and sought to become legitimate and at the same time fully recognized the Chinese emperor as a suzerain.

Key words: China, Vietnam, fan guangxi zone, vassal, vassal relations, suzerain, emperor, ceremony, gifts.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.028

Y.V. BARANOVA International Relations student of the Oriental Institute – School of Regional and International Studies of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

E.A. KHRAMENKO International Relations student of the Oriental Institute – School of Regional and International Studies of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND SAUDI ARABIA

The modern global economy is characterized by a high degree of interdependence of countries, especially in the context of multilateral economic relations. In this context, the role of strategic partners in global trade is becoming increasingly important. One of such significant partners seeking to deepen economic cooperation for Saudi Arabia is the Republic of Korea, which plays a key role in the development of the regional and global economy. As part of its foreign policy, the Republic of Korea is actively developing diplomatic and trade relations with the countries of the Middle East, and Saudi Arabia is one of the priority partners in the region. However, bilateral relations face many challenges and the problem of a few areas where countries could successfully carry out joint activities. The KSA and the Republic of Kazakhstan have yet to overcome these difficulties and develop a new roadmap that will expand the vectors of mutually beneficial cooperation for both sides.

Key words: Saudi Arabia, Republic of Korea, economic cooperation, Vision 2030, infrastructure projects, military-technical cooperation, energy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.029

A.A. KARAEV Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.A. VOLZHANIN Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A "U-TURN TO THE EAST" OR THE FIRST RESULTS OF THE WESTERN SANCTIONS POLICY TOWARDS RUSSIA

The article studies the experience of the Russian Federation in interaction with the Eastern states in the "Framework of the U-turn to the East", with special attention to such a factor as sanctions. The authors believe that this work will be interesting for consideration of researchers interested in such disciplines as: economics, political science, international relations.

The main purpose of the work is to analyze the political and economic performance between the Russian Federation and the countries of the Asian region field of the announcement of the policy of sanctions restrictions. To achieve the goal the following tasks were set: to disclose the concepts of "sanctions" and "U-turn to the East"; to consider the main stages of the introduction of sanctions; to analyze the political and economic situation in the period 2014-2022; to assess the Western sanctions policy and determine the prospects for the development of relations between the Russian Federation and the states of the East.

When writing the work, the following list of methods was used: analysis, synthesis, forecasting, generalization.

As a result of the work, the economic and political spheres of international relations between Russia and Asian states were considered, the degree of influence of sanctions policy on integration with the East was assessed, and the authors determined the prospects of "Turn to the East".

Thus, the sanctions policy of the West could not fulfill its main task – to isolate the Russian Federation from the rest of the world, on the contrary, it even pushed for reorientation in a short time. The authors noted that bilateral cooperation will further develop, at the moment large-scale projects and plans have been defined between the subjects of relations.

Key words: Russia, sanctions, the West, U-turn to the East, politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.030

N.I. NIKONENKOVA Bachelor of the Department of International Relations at Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

CHALLENGES OF THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

This article explores the challenges that may have a negative impact on the future development of South Korea's defense industry complex. The article analyzes key risk factors in this field, with a focus on the prospects of signing a Memorandum of Mutual Defense Procurements between South Korea and the United States. This agreement aims to eliminate discrimination in defense procurement and facilitate mutual market access for products, services, as well as research and development in the domain of military technology and equipment. The execution of such an agreement can profoundly strengthen their military alliance. Thus, while the signing of such an agreement could significantly strengthen the South Korea – US military alliance, it is important to consider the associated risks for former, including the possible displacement of South Korean companies from the domestic market by the American counterparts and an overall reduction in the export potential of the national defense industry.

Key words: Republic of Korea, Defense Industry Complex, arms exports, potential risks, the United States of America.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.031

D.I. POLISCHUK Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.V. MANDRISA Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

FEATURES OF THE EMERGENCE OF A BORDER CONFLICT IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE STATE: GENESIS, FEATURES AND CONSEQUENCES

The work presents a comprehensive analysis of border conflicts and their impact on the political system of the state. The study covers current trends, genesis and consequences of border conflicts. The methodology and theoretical aspect of the emergence of border conflicts and the influence of the historical context on clashes between entire states are presented separately.

Particular attention is paid to the differences in border conflicts in different regions of the world, and proposed solutions are considered, including successful cases of overcoming disagreements in this context.

Key words: border conflict, territorial claims, state borders, sovereign state, sovereignty.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.032

I.A. SIVOGORLO Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE APRIL REVOLUTION OF 1960 AND THE SEOUL SPRING OF 1980 AS ATTEMPTS TO DEMOCRATIZE THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

This article is devoted to the analysis of two significant historical events in the Republic of Korea: the April Revolution of 1960 and the Seoul Spring of 1980. Both of these episodes had a big impact on the political situation of the country and were attempts by people to achieve democratization under an authoritarian regime. The April Revolution of 1960 led to the resignation of President Syngman Rhee. It also marked the beginning of a period of relative political freedom, but this period was eventually interrupted by a military coup. The Seoul Spring of 1980 was another significant attempt by civil society to establish democratic institutions in the country. The purpose of this article is to analyze these two historical moments, identify the reasons that led to mass protests, and assess their impact on the political development of the Republic of Korea. In addition, the article aims to clarify how these events affected the country's political system.

Key words: Republic of Korea, democratization, April Revolution, Seoul Spring.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.033

XUDONGYUE Master of the faculty of global processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of scientific and technological progress on international relations. The emphasis is made on international scientific and technological relations of the digital era, developing in the conditions of global information revolution and transition to a multipolar world order. The article analyzes both positive and negative aspects of the impact of scientific and technological progress and information technology on international politics and considers the prospects of transformation of international scientific and technological and economic relations on the example of the implementation of international cooperation projects of the People's Republic of China. The article concludes that scientific and technological progress expands the sphere of international politics and leads both to the emergence of new challenges and threats in the sphere of international security and implies economic cooperation between the actors of world politics.

Key words: international relations, scientific and technological progress, globalization, digital technologies, transformation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.034

JIA XILONG Master, Faculty of World Politics International strategic communications Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CULTURAL SECURITY OF MODERN RUSSIA AS AN ELEMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY

Cultural security is an important element of national security, ensuring the preservation of cultural space and the identity of the nation and forms the necessary mechanism for the protection and preservation of cultural heritage, values, traditions and identity of the nation. The object of the study is national security, in the context of international relations. The subject of the study is cultural security as an element of national security. The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical foundations of the content of cultural security as an essential element of national security. The article reveals the concept of cultural security and its twofold applied nature. The factors that pose significant risks to national security are highlighted: 1. Legal and illegal immigration; 2. Information space and information culture; 3. The growth of occult and pseudoscientific communities and the denial of the spiritual foundations of culture and the primacy of scientific knowledge and cognition in society.

Key words: cultural space, information culture, identity, intangible values, national identity, national security.

REVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.53.7.035

Reviewers:

D.V. ZHIGULSKAYA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

L.M. RAWANDI-FADAI Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher employee of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

REVIEW OF THE BOOK BY THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF IRAQI KURDISTAN MASOUD BARZANI “CLAIMING YOUR RIGHTS. QUESTION OF REFERENDUM IN KURDISTAN"

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№ 7 (53), 2023