Academic journal “Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations”. Volume 14, Issue 3 (68), 2025
CONTENTS
POLITICAL ISSUES
ECONOMICAL ISSUES
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
POLITICAL ISSUES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.001
S.S. SULEIMANOVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor of the Department of Public Relations and Media Policy Faculty of Journalism of the Institute of Social and Cultural Studies of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
CONTEMPORARY MIGRATION POLICY OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING NATIONAL SECURITY
The article examines migration processes, which represent an important political factor in ensuring Russia's national security. A content analysis of media materials was conducted to reflect the current attitude in society toward migrants and Russia's migration policy. It is noted that the discussion of migration issues in terms of outgoing threats from labor migrants has influenced the public perception of migration as a negative, criminogenic phenomenon. Recommendations are formulated based on the analysis of migration processes, as well as issues of their legal regulation.
Key words: migration, migration policy, Russian Federation, legislation, transformation of Russia's migration policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.002
M.M. GADZHIEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Social and Political Sciences, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
HOW MIGRATION CREATES MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN RUSSIAN POLAR CITIES: ISSUES OF ADAPTATION AND THE FORMATION OF NEW IDENTITIES
The article examines how migration processes to the regions of the Far North have led to the creation of Islamic communities, Muslim infrastructure and new identities in the regions of the Russian Arctic in cities. The work is based on a number of field studies conducted by the author in 2022 and 2023 in Russian polar cities, as a result of which valuable empirical materials were obtained. It is important to emphasize that the Muslim communities in the cities of the Russian Far North do not give the impression that they are part of the global Islamic Ummah. Connections with the rest of the Muslim world are limited. This does not mean that the Islamic communities of the Far North are autonomous. As in the Soviet period, state control over religious space is still. The author shows that Muslim communities are gradually adapting religious practices to circumpolar conditions. For many Muslim migrants, it is extremely important to be part of Islamic networks and communities in order to survive and adapt to new conditions. These studies indicate the plasticity of the emerging identity in the minds of polar Muslims. The analysis shows that integration into the large northern community is a more appropriate concept than extremism or resistance when it comes to Muslims in the Russian Arctic. This is due to the fact that Islamic identity includes a fairly wide range of socially possible practices related to adaptation to northern conditions.
Key words: Islam, migration, Northern cities, Mosques, identity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.003
N.R. DYSHENOVA Senior lecturer at the Department of Psychology Institute of Social Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia
A.A. RASTORGUEV Lecturer, Department of International Relations and Public Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South-West State University», Kursk, Russia
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky»; Researcher, Research Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia
A.N. AFANASYEVA Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
O.V. SONINA Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL MECHANISMS OF CERTIFICATION OF CIVIL SERVANTS
Introduction: the article describes the main organizational and legal mechanisms of certification of civil servants. Certification of civil servants is an important tool for implementing personnel technologies in the public administration system. The importance of using certification as a tool for personnel technologies in the public administration system is manifested in two main aspects. In the first aspect, the basic purpose of certification is to assess the current level of knowledge and competencies of civil servants. In the second aspect, certification is aimed at improving the level of qualification and competence of civil servants. The results of certification should not so much be a reason for dismissing an employee, but rather an information base for finding reserves for improving his or her qualifications. Based on the information base formed based on the results of certification, programs for improving the qualifications of civil servants or modernizing the entire process of providing public services should be developed. In order to form a more competent opinion and achieve a high-quality result during certification, various technologies and methods of personnel assessment activities should be used. The purpose of the work is to clarify the essential content of certification from the standpoint of public administration and to disclose the main methodological approaches to its implementation. Research results: the authors' team disclosed the essential components of the elements of the certification mechanism for civil servants, and also performed a comparative analysis of the main technologies for conducting certification.
Key words: certification, civil service, public administration, personnel management, professional competencies, professional development.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.004
D.V. MELNICHUK Graduate of the Russian State Humanities University (RSUH), Moscow, Russia
Scientific supervisor:
M.N. GRACHEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Political Science Faculty of International Relations, Political Science and Foreign Regional Studies of the Historical and Archival Institute of the Russian State Humanities University (RSUH), Moscow, Russia
STATE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE REGARDING THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT: ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE RESTRICTIONS 1863-1881
This article examines the evolution of the Russian Empire's national policy regarding the Ukrainian question in the 19th century. It analyzes the transformation of the imperial approach from the concept of a single all-Russian nation to the recognition of the Ukrainian national movement as a political problem. Special attention is given to key legislative initiatives of 1863-1881 – the Valuev Circular and the Ems Decree – aimed at restricting the use of the Ukrainian language. The author traces how the inconsistency and repressive nature of these measures paradoxically contributed to the radicalization of the Ukrainian movement. The influence of external factors on the formation of the empire's national policy is considered, including European ethno-national processes and the Polish uprising of 1863.
Key words: Russian Empire, national policy, Ukrainian question, Valuev Circular, Ems Decree, Little Russian language, national identity, ethnocultural restrictions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.005
S.V. KRASILNIKOV Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law North-West Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF VALUE IN THE SYSTEM OF SCIENCES ABOUT HUMAN AND SOCIETY
The article analyzes the problem of values, which in modern Russia is the most pressing in matters of education. This problem should be equally solved by all institutions of socialization. The author analyzes various scientific theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of formation of value orientations, which in turn makes it possible to deeply study it and determine optimal, effective solutions.
The characteristics, structures and hierarchies of the value world are considered; the methods of cognition of the value and its ontological status are revealed; the nature and specificity of value judgments are given.
The study considers the problem of theoretical and conceptual positions, principles and methods of law and their axiological significance; Issues of modern social and legal nature are analyzed; the axiological significance of the principles of law in modern conditions is determined; the theoretical and practical aspects of the axiology of the principles of modern law are established and disclosed; the conclusion is made that the axiological significance of the principles of law is constant and stable and does not depend on historical or socio-economic conditions; it is confirmed that legal axiology as a research type of philosophy of law is capable of elevating value transformations in the system of legal reality to the level of self-reflection of law as a form of social consciousness. The characteristics, structures and hierarchies of the value world are considered.
Key words: values, value orientations, personal values, social ideals. civilistics, axiology of law, spiritual and moral values, legal axiology, abuse of law, stability of civil law status. axiology of law, moral argument in law, legal norm, natural law, analytical philosophy of law.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.006
S.V. NESHKOV Candidate of political sciences, director of the Center for cognitive defense, assistant to the deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
STRATEGIES FOR СOUNTERING THREATS TO POLITICAL STABILITY ON THE INTERNET
This article is devoted to strategies for countering threats to political stability on the Internet. The author focuses on the specifics of the development of political conflicts in the online environment at the present stage, and also identifies key elements of strategies for countering political conflicts in the virtual space, ensuring their practical effectiveness.
Key words: strategy, politics, stability, Internet, social networks, conflict, neural networks, artificial intelligence.
ECONOMICAL ISSUES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.007
S.S. ALEEVA Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil Law and Public Law Disciplines Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian State University named after A.N. Kosygin (Technology. Design. Art)", Moscow, Russia
A.A. GOLOVIN Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Economic Theory, Regional Studies and Legal Regulation of Economy of the Kursk Region State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kursk Academy of Public and Municipal Service", Kursk, Russia
S.O. NOVOSEL'SKIY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Scientific Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO "University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky"; research fellow research laboratory Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia
O.V. SONINA Master's student of the Department of Management and public municipal administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "MGUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky" (PKU)", Moscow, Russia
M.S. KOZLOV Student of the Department of International Relations and Public Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "South-West State University", Kursk, Russia
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF TERRITORIAL ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Introduction: the article examines the most significant organizational and legal aspects of territorial anti-crisis management, ensuring the sustainability of municipalities in the conditions of socio-economic turbulence. The construction of the anti-crisis management system should take into account the specific features of the functioning of the municipality. From the standpoint of managerial influence, the municipality has a number of specific characteristics that fundamentally distinguish it from other objects in the public administration system. Anti-crisis management in the municipality is a mechanism that ensures prompt response to the formation of potential crisis situations as they occur. The fundamental bases of the legal field of anti-crisis management of socio-economic development of the territory are laid at the federal level, individual aspects are presented by regional legislative acts. At the municipal level, practical aspects of the functioning of the anti-crisis management system are developed. The key characteristics of the anti-crisis territorial management system are planning, flexibility, adaptability, complexity, systematicity, scientific nature, multi-aspect, combination of strategy and tactics, and proactive nature. In general, it can be noted that in the current conditions of macroeconomic instability, the main characteristic of the anti-crisis territorial management system is its proactive nature. The purpose of the work is to clarify the most significant organizational and legal aspects of territorial management, which are necessary for effective counteraction to external and internal threats. Results of the study: the authors described the basic legal acts governing the construction of a territorial anti-crisis management system, grouped the main principles and elements of anti-crisis management at the local government level, and developed a general concept of the anti-crisis territorial management system.
Key words: anti-crisis management, territorial management, municipal government, socio-economic risks.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.008
S.O. NOVOSEL'SKIY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Scientific Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO "University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky", Researcher of the Laboratory of Scientific Research Works of the Moscow Economic Institute, Moscow, Russia
E.A. SENTISHCHEVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Public Administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education South-West State University, Kursk, Russia
S.S. ALEEVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law and Public Law Disciplines of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian State University named after A.N. Kosygina (Technologies. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia
A.L. ZOLKIN Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volga Region State University of Telecommunications and Informatics» (PSUTI), Samara, Russia
M.S. KOZLOV Student of the Department of International Relations and Public Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "South-West State University", Kursk, Russia
ORGANIZATIONAL, ECONOMIC AND LEGAL MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT IN THE REGION
Introduction: the paper makes a reasonable conclusion that the presence of an effective public procurement management system is extremely important, firstly, to ensure the targeted use of public finances in the context of a permanent budget deficit, secondly, for the high-quality implementation of significant projects in the socio-economic space of the territory, and thirdly, to reduce the degree of social contradictions. Despite the objective presence of local shortcomings and errors, the procurement management system operating in the state mechanism demonstrates its effectiveness, which contributes to the achievement of strategic goals of the progressive development of the country and the successful solution of socio-economic problems. The most important characteristic of public procurement in the context of geopolitical challenges is their rationality, which is characterized by the minimum use of available resources to solve the maximum volume of tasks while maintaining the target quality within the established time intervals. The purpose of the work is to clarify individual organizational, economic and legal aspects of the public procurement management mechanism using the example of the Kursk region. Research results: the authors performed a comparative analysis of public procurement management models, conducted a study of the forms of centralization of procurement activities, considered regional features of procurement management, and analyzed the retrospective results of the functioning of the public procurement management system in the Kursk region.
Key words: public procurement, state property, tenders, centralization of management, Kursk region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.009
N.V. PAVLOV Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative and Financial Law of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia
A.M. OSTANINA Master of the Law Faculty of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia
LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF COUNTERACTION ILLEGAL MIGRATION
In the scientific work, the author examines the legal and organizational aspects of illegal migration. Based on the analysis of the norms of the current Russian legislation and special legal literature, the author has formed a definition of the term "migrant". The main distinguishing features between the concepts of "migrant" and "refugee" are highlighted. It is concluded that migration is a voluntary crossing of the border of a foreign state. The refugee pursues the goal of finding shelter, protection from danger. The procedure for recognizing a person as a refugee is noted. The article analyzes recent changes in legislation in the field of migration. The authors define the term "illegal migration". It is indicated that illegal migration undermines the national security of the country, which in turn constitutes national security, characterizing the degree of protection from internal and external danger. The paper also highlights the current problems of illegal migration. Possible ways to eliminate the existing gaps are proposed. According to the results of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the state is currently actively implementing measures to change legislation in the field of migration. However, there is a need to create a register of illegal migrants, and it is necessary to develop the possibility of deporting a migrant and a member of his family for committing any offense on the territory of the Russian Federation. The implementation of more detailed control measures by authorized bodies is an effective way to combat illegal migration. The qualitative implementation of all the set ideas and tasks will lead to an increase in the level of protection of the country's territory from external and internal threats.
Key words: migration, refugee, control, security, terrorism, citizen, state, protection.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.010
A.A. RASHIDOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics of the Private Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk Institute of Management, Economics and Business», Kursk, Russia
G.R. TEMIZHEVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Agrarian Institute Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «North Caucasian State Academy», Cherkessk, Russia
O.I. RASHIDOV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics of the Private Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk Institute of Management, Economics and Business», Kursk, Russia
A.V. SHLEENKO Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Researcher, Research Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia
MODERN FEATURES AND FACTORS OF FORMING INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF A TERRITORY
Introduction: the article examines the features and key factors that influence the formation of investment attractiveness of a territory in the current socio-economic environment. Investment attractiveness is one of the key characteristics of the efficiency of municipal management, which reflects the rationality of using the resource potential of the territory, the quality of human capital management and the capacity to build social space. The result of the existence of a favorable investment environment is a positive trend in investment activity, which is expressed in an increase in the volume of real investments in the socio-economic space of the municipality. A comprehensive generalization of the results of analytical diagnostics forms an objective opinion among potential investors regarding the feasibility of investing in the socio-economic space of the territory. In this regard, representatives of municipal management should make significant efforts to systematically increase key quantitative and qualitative indicators reflecting the level of investment attractiveness of the territory. Thus, investment attractiveness is an objective result of the management activities of municipal authorities, which ensures the attraction of corporate and private investments to form a progressive track of socio-economic development. The purpose of the work is to clarify the factor components of the investment attractiveness of the territory. Research results: the authors clarified the main aspects of the significance of investment attractiveness, substantiated the factors of formation of the investment climate, grouped the cycle of management of investment attractiveness of the territory from the standpoint of municipal management.
Key words: investment attractiveness, territorial development, municipal management, investment policy, investment activity, investments.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.011
A.S. KARAVANSKIY PhD student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
"WORLD ORDER" CATEGORY IN TERMS OF VARIOUS SUBJECTS OF WORLD POLITICS
The article examines country aspect in approaches to the new world order, in particular among the leading world powers (Russia, China, the United States), as well as other countries in certain regions (India, Turkey, Iran, other states of the Middle East, Latin America and Africa). It is concluded that despite the similar positions of many states on the formation of a new world order based on the principle of multipolarity, a number of states have some distinctive features: Russia advocates a multipolar world with several centers of power.; China sees itself as the center of a multipolar world, but not as a hegemon; India seeks to create a new world order with three centers of power – India, Russia and China; States of Latin America see a multipolar world more in the format of polycentrism, a geopolitical model of the world order with many centers of power; based on the formation of an integration union African countries are trying to create their own center of power in a multipolar world; Turkey, as a key player in the Middle East, pursues its own interests and seeks to find a balance between Russia and China on the one hand, and with Western countries on the other.
Key words: new world order, world order, Russia, China, India, world economy, geopolitics, international relations, center of power, multipolarity, polycentrism, hegemon, balance.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.012
S.A. SHAPORENKO Postgraduate student of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION IN THE CIS
The article discusses the issues of legal regulation of cross-border cooperation in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the dynamics of the development of cross-border cooperation largely depends on the effectiveness of its legal support. The successful development of cross-border cooperation requires a regulatory framework that ensures transparency and clarity of relations between states and regions in the post-Soviet space. The purpose of the study is to study the legal architecture of cross-border cooperation in the CIS. To achieve this goal, the following research objectives have been identified: to analyze the transformation of the legislative foundations of cross-border cooperation in the CIS; to systematize existing regulatory sources; to investigate the specifics of legal acts regulating relations between Russian regions and CIS countries. The methodological framework of the work includes a set of complementary scientific approaches. Among the general scientific methods, analytical and synthetic approaches, descriptive and historical methods were used to trace the evolution of legal mechanisms. Special legal research methods are represented by a system-structural analysis, a formal legal approach, and a content analysis of regulatory documents.
The conducted research allows us to conclude that the modern system of legal support for cross-border cooperation in the CIS countries is formed from a multi-level structure of regulations on economic integration, humanitarian sphere and security. The fundamental documents are international agreements, bilateral treaties and national legislation of States. The unification of legislation, simplification of administrative procedures and development of new forms of cross-border cooperation are promising areas for improving legal regulation.
Key words: cross-border cooperation, Convention on Cross-border Cooperation, Concept of Interregional and Cross-border Cooperation, CIS Economic Development Strategy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.013
N.V. SHAKHMIN Teacher of history and social studies at the MES TMES № 14, Tiraspol, Pridnerstrovie, Moldova
RUSSIA'S NEW CHALLENGES IN STRENGTHENING AND DEVELOPING THE EURASIAN INTEGRATION PROJECT
This article abstractly analyzes some of the main institutional problems of the EAEU evolution. The author examines the problems in the parliamentary dimension of the EAEU and ways to remedy them, excessive adherence to WTO and IMF standards both in Russia and in the countries of the union as one of the factors of stagnation of Eurasian integration, as well as the lack of proper ideological support for the identity of the EAEU as a subject. A significant emphasis in the study is placed on appealing to the Eurasian ideology as the basis for the formation of the EAEU.
Key words: Eurasian integration, Eurasian ideology, EAEU, WTO, IMF.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.014
M.R. RAKHIMOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of the Chechen State University named after A.A. Kadyrov, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia
R.A. TOVSULTANOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of the Chechen State University named after A.A. Kadyrov, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia
L.N. GALIMOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of SGN1 "History" of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
ANALYSIS OF ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS IN CHECHEN-ARAB RELATIONS DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF R.A. KADYROV
The article presents a detailed analysis of the achievements of the Chechen Republic in developing relations with the Arab-Muslim world during the presidency of Ramzan Akhmatovich Kadyrov (he regularly met with the leaders of Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Jordan, discussing a wide range of issues). The qualitatively new level of political, economic, military and cultural-humanitarian ties of Grozny with key states of the Middle East is emphasized. Among the main factors of success are the personal authority and diplomatic talent of the leader of Chechnya, the comprehensive support of the federal center headed by the President of Russia V.V. Putin, as well as the skillful use of the civilizational and religious closeness of the Chechens with the peoples of the Islamic world. It is emphasized that cooperation within the framework of economic relations with the head of the Chechen Republic has led to a Chechen-Arab economic partnership. Employment of the population has begun to grow, wages for persons involved in the implementation of these joint projects have increased, the post-war restoration of the Chechen Republic and its development have accelerated. Attention is focused on the fact that in connection with the development of humanitarian and cultural ties in a short time, the Chechen Republic was able to turn into a major international center of Islamic education and culture, attracting thousands of students and followers from all over the world, primarily from the Arab East. It is noted that the Chechen Republic has become a recognized center of Muslim education and culture, a platform for discussing current problems of the ummah. A conclusion is made about the strategic importance of the Chechen experience of interaction with the Islamic world for strengthening Russia's leadership positions in the Middle East and promoting a model of a fair multipolar world order.
Key words: Ramzan Kadyrov, Chechen Republic, Russian-Arab relations, Islam, Russian foreign policy, fight against terrorism, cultural and humanitarian cooperation, civilizational dialogue.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.015
G.V. ABILOVA Ph.D. in Philology, Associate Professor of Department of Pedagogical Culture and Education Management at Moscow State Institute of International Relations; director of BRICS+ International School, Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0009-0003-8598-0203
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE CREATION OF A COMMON EDUCATIONAL SPACE IN THE BRICS FORMAT
The necessity of studying educational integration stems from its potential to transform socio-economic paradigms – its significance is emphasised by interdependent financial and political matrices and emerging transnational academic synergies. Objective: to identify the political preconditions and economic catalysts underlying the formation of a common educational space in BRICS (linking leadership commitments and investment dynamics), using a methodology that combines comparative political analysis with institutional analysis and econometric modelling (methods that, while disparate, combine to form a coherent research framework). Data derived from summit declarations (quantified by 80% leadership affirmation), investment indicators (average of 2). Empirical evidence shows: mutual recognition of degrees is currently 40% with the prospect of expanding by 65% within five years – integrated platforms have increased the number of digital students from 50,000 to 120,000. Statistical correlations (r = 0.75) confirm the link between educational integration and economic growth; the study shows: strategic harmonisation (through standardised accreditation, digital consortia and enhanced exchange programmes) is feasible, pragmatically applicable, offering a conceptual model based on global experience (EU/ASEAN/MERCOSUR benchmarks serve as alternatives/analogues) and, providing a blueprint for policy redesign – further research is needed to clarify funding and harmonisation mechanisms.
Key words: governance determinants, financial frameworks, academy consolidation, transnational cooperation, accreditation frameworks, digital transformation, institutional reform.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.016
A.N. VAVILOV Ph.D. of Political Sciences, Trainee at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow, Russia
SANCTIONS AS A TOOL OF THE US FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY TOWARDS UKRAINE IN 1991-2022
Currently, an expansive interpretation of the concept of "sanctions" has been established in political discourse. It assumes that this definition includes almost any measures of influence aimed at ensuring the adoption of desired political decisions or, conversely, the rejection of undesirable steps. At the present stage, sanctions are one of the actively used tools of American foreign policy. Until 2014, it is possible to talk about the use of sanctions by the United States in the Ukrainian direction in the sense in which they became part of American foreign policy practice, only conditionally. The restrictive measures involved were mild in nature and served as negative signals to the political elite of Ukraine from Washington. The use of sanctions tools, characteristic of American foreign policy practice, is noted in the midst of an acute domestic political crisis in Ukraine in 2014. After 2014, US sanctions in Ukraine were aimed at ensuring control over internal political processes in the country and preventing the restoration of Russian influence. At the same time, the sanctions imposed against representatives of the opposition during the presidency of V. Zelensky have become part of the anti-Russian sanctions regimes. The widespread use of sanctions tools after 2014 may indicate the evolution of the US foreign policy strategy in the Ukrainian direction, within the framework of which the transition from limited to decisive goals was carried out, which required the use of appropriate tools.
Key words: sanctions, restrictions, Ukraine, foreign policy strategy, political elite, Ukrainian conflict.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.017
S. AMAN Postgraduate student of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
U.S. POLICY IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION: GEOSTRATEGY IN THE «PACIFIC OCEAN – AMERICA'S INLAND SEA» PARADIGM
The article examines the main trends of US policy in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). The relevance of the research topic is determined by the importance of the Asia-Pacific region, which it has acquired in modern international relations, being a region of geopolitical rivalry between the leading world powers. At the same time, significant US economic interests are concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region, since it provides them with a sales area and access to natural resources, while at the same time being a supplier of a wide range of goods to the American domestic market. The purpose of the study is to study key aspects of the US foreign policy strategy in the Asia-Pacific region, in connection with which the author solved the following tasks: to identify the factors influencing US policy in the Asia-Pacific region; to identify the doctrinal foundations of the US policy in the Asia-Pacific region; to identify possible US strategies in the Asia-Pacific region, taking into account the ongoing changes in their domestic policy. The methodological basis of the research consists of general methods (systematic, analysis and synthesis), as well as special scientific methods (historical and legal, method of political analysis).
The economic interests of the United States play a key role in shaping its policy in the Asia-Pacific region. The United States maintains its leadership in the Asia-Pacific region, including through a military presence, which is explained by the need to ensure national security and protect American interests. Currently, the strengthening of China's economic and military-political power is becoming a determining factor in US policy aimed at "containing" China. At the same time, the United States actively promotes the term "Indo-Pacific region", consolidating it in its doctrinal documents and using it internationally.
Key words: Asia-Pacific region, Indo-Pacific region, the concept of a «Free and open Indo-Pacific region», the US National Security Strategy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.018
T.M. ISLAMOV PhD Candidate of the Department of Applied International Analysis, MGIMO-University, Moscow, Russia ORCID 0009-0005-9135-8239
R.B. MAKHMUDOV Associate Professor of the University of World Economy and Diplomacy, Leading Researcher of the Institute of Advanced International Studies, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan ORCID 0000-0002-1030-2200
AMERICAN NATION-BUILDING PROJECT IN AFGHANISTAN: REASONS FOR STRATEGIC FAILURE
This article explores the factors that led to the failure of the American state-building strategy in Afghanistan in the period of 2001-2021. The emphasis is on examining the state-building process in its dynamics of transition from initial optimism to the realization of being in a strategic impasse, which appeared in 2007, as well as on the classification of the reasons noted by American, Russian and regional experts, which gave rise to difficulties in implementing Washington’s plans to build a “showcase democracy" at the junction of Central and South Asia, and the Middle East. Among them, particular attention is paid to such reasons as the ineffective policy of constructing the legitimacy of the Afghan government, the “fuzzy” concept of state building, the gap between the theoretical idea of Afghanistan and reality in combination with bureaucratic reasons, the use of an “engineering approach” and underestimation of the cultural characteristics of Afghanistan.
Key words: Afghanistan, USA, state building, Taliban, democracy, legitimacy, institutions, corruption, drugs, Pakistan, ethno-tribal mosaic.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.019
S.M. KATINA Laboratory assistant at the Laboratory of American Studies of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF IRAN INDIA SECURITY RELATIONS IN THE SCO MULTILATERAL FORMAT
The article is devoted to the analysis of current problems and prospects for the development of relations between the two countries. Iran and India in the field of security. Key aspects of cooperation are considered, including the fight against terrorism and ensuring stability in the region. Objectives of the study: to analyze the dynamics of interaction between Iran and India in order to increase the level of security in the context of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The study uses a comparative analysis, historical and descriptive method to compare relations between Iran and India with the United States and Pakistan. The subjectis cooperation between Iran and India in the field of security, including political, military and regional aspects within the framework of the SCO. Object of research: relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of India in the context of Shanghai Cooperation Organization during their active participation in the organization (2010s-2020s).
Key words: Iran-India relations, fight against terrorism, Indo-Pakistani conflict, SCO, Taliban movement, security relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.020
O.B. YACOUBA Graduate student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
Scientific supervisor:
ADU YAO NIKAZ PhD in Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
FRANCE'S MULTILATERAL INITIATIVES IN THE SAHEL: THE ROLE OF THE G5 SAHEL AND ENGAGEMENT WITH THE AFRICAN UNION
The article examines France's multilateral initiatives in the Sahel regions, with a particular focus on the role of the G5 Sahel and the alliance's relationship with the African Union. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of multilateral cooperation on security and stability in the region, as well as to assess the effectiveness of the G5 Sahel as the main mechanism for combating threats such as terrorism and organized crime. Using qualitative methods, including the analysis of secondary data and document flow, it explores how France's interaction with the G5 Sahel and the African Union shapes security strategies in the Sahel. The results demonstrate that, despite significant efforts, there are obstacles related to coordination between different actors and difficult political conditions in the countries of the region, making it difficult to achieve sustainable results.
Key words: France, Sahel, G5 Sahel, African Union, multilateral initiatives, security, stability, terrorism, organized crime, regional cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.021
LOTICO GIRENTAN FREEDOM Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (UNDP) IN CHAD'S ECONOMIC GROWTH
Chad's economic development is largely determined by the level of international support, one of the key forms of which is the activity of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The UNDP assists the country in developing agriculture, infrastructure, entrepreneurship, and institutional reforms. However, despite significant investments and international aid programs, Chad continues to face several structural challenges, including low infrastructure development, political instability, and dependence on raw material exports. This article examines the main areas of cooperation between Chad and the UNDP, assesses their impact on the country's economic development, and identifies key challenges and prospects for further collaboration.
Key words: UNDP, economic development, international cooperation, sustainable development, economic diversification, infrastructure projects, international aid.
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.68.3.022
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
RUSSIA, AZERBAIJAN, TURKEY: FORMATION OF A NEW MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS PART III
Based on a review of current publications in scientific journals on the list of the Higher Attestation Commission, the article attempts to characterize the process of formation of a new model of international relations between Russia, Azerbaijan and Turkey. At the same time, positive and negative mechanisms of these interstate relations are analyzed in the context of taking into account the national interests of the Russian Federation. Of particular research interest is the expansion of economic relations and the military-political aspect of the problem, in connection with Turkey's membership in the military-political bloc NATO. As well as the attitude of states to the SVO in Ukraine and to the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The article consists of three parts published in different journals of the publishing house "Science Today".
Key words: scientific review, current publications, international relations, new model, Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, national interests, economic relations, military-political aspect, settlement, SVO in Ukraine, Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.